Chapter 5—Database Management SystemsTRUE/FALSE1. Business processes such as hiring employees, purchasing inventory, and collecting cash from customers are called events.ANS: T2. The traditional applications approach to business event processing view of business event processing concentrates on the process being performed.ANS: T3. The database approach to business event processing, in which facts about events are stored in relational database tables instead of separate files, solves many of the problems caused by data redundancy.ANS: T4. When different information about the same fact is stored in different files the integrity of the data is violated.ANS: T5. A database management system (DBMS) is a set of standalone programs designed to complicate the tasks of creating, accessing, and managing data.ANS: F6. The database administrator is responsible for administrative and technical issues related to the databasemanagement system.ANS: T7. The database management system, containing data related to all an organization’s applications, supports normal data processing needs and enhances the organization’s management activities by providing data useful to managers.ANS: T8. Data independence refers to decoupling the data from the system applications, and it is a major difference between the database approach and the applications approach.ANS: T9. Classifying data refers to grouping or categorizing data according to some common attributes.ANS: T10. Another name for sequential coding is block coding.ANS: F11. The uniform product codes (UPCs) used by supermarkets and other retailers are examples of a block coding scheme.ANS: T12. Both the mnemonic and the hierarchical coding schemes attach specific meaning to particular character positions.ANS: F13. Because it uses alphabetic characters, a sequential coding system is most understandable to human beings.ANS: F14. A self checking digit code assigns an extra digit to a code in order to check the accuracy with which the code is keyed into a computer.ANS: T15. The database approach to data management concentrates on the process being performed, rather than on the data themselves.ANS: F16. A DBMS is a set of integrated computer programs designed to simplify the tasks of creating, accessing, and managing a database.ANS: T17. The applications approach to data management decouples the data from the applications or other users of the data.ANS: F18. In the network database model, a child record can have more than one parent record.ANS: T19. A description of a portion of a schema is referred to as a subschema.ANS: T20. A scanner is used to access a database and to produce inquiry reports.ANS: F21. Data warehousing is the use of information systems facilities to focus on the collection, organization, integration, and long-term storage of entity-wide data.ANS: T22. Data redundancy allows non-technical users to bypass the programmer and to access the database directly.ANS: F23. Data mining refers to the exploration, aggregation, and analysis of large quantities of varied data from across the organization to better understand an organization's business processes, trends within these processes, and potential opportunities to improve the effectiveness and/or efficiency of the organization.ANS: T24. Specifications for a database are often depicted using entity relationship diagrams.ANS: T25. A data model depicts user requirements for data, expressed as a structure of entities and relationships among those entities.ANS: T26. A secondary key uniquely identifies any row within a relational table.ANS: F27. An attribute is equivalent to a field and may also be known as a row.ANS: F28. In a hierarchical database model, all record relationships are 3:N.ANS: F29. In a hierarchical database model, a "child" record may have more than one "parent."ANS: F30. In a relational database model, data are logically organized into two-dimensional tables.ANS: T31. In a network database model, data are logically organized into two-dimensional tables.ANS: F32. An object oriented database system is a database that allows both simple and complex objects to be stored using abstract data types, inheritance, and encapsulation.ANS: T33. The normalization process involves various steps (called normal forms) that transform an original database design into an equivalent design that is free of problems.ANS: T34. An unnormalized table is a table that contains repeating attributes (or fields) within each row (or record).ANS: T35. A relation is in second normal form (2NF), if it does not contain repeating groups.ANS: F36. A table is in first normal form (1NF) if it has no partial dependencies; that is, no non-key attribute is dependent on only a portion of the primary key.ANS: F37. Update anomalies are problems in a relation table caused by the existence of functional dependencies.ANS: T38. A relation is in third normal form (3NF) if it is in first normal form and no nonkey attribute is dependent on only a portion of the primary key.ANS: F39. A partial dependency happens when an attribute that is dependent on a portion of the primary key not on the entire key.ANS: T40. An attribute is an item of data that characterizes an entity or relationship.ANS: T41. Each relationship has a characteristic, called a cardinality, that shows the degree to which each entity participates in the relationship.ANS: T42. Maximum cardinality is used to specify the minimum level of participation that one entity can have with another entity.ANS: F43. A collection of data representing multiple occurrences of an object, event, or agent is known as a relation.ANS: T44. A SQL is a powerful database language that can be used to define database systems, query the databasefor information, generate reports from the database, and access databases from within programs using embedded commands.ANS: T45. Groupware are information systems that assist managers with unstructured decisions and over the years have become almost synonymous with financial modeling and ad hoc querying.ANS: F46. Executive information systems, considered a subset of decision support systems, provide managers with information in a format suitable for making a particular decision without requiring that the manager know how to operate the computer or how the data are stored in the organization's database.ANS: T47. Decision support systems are software identified with Group Support Systems (GSS) and focuses on such functions as e-mail, group scheduling,