Quiz 4 Notes (Chapters 5,6,9)- Bantu is the name that modern linguists have devised for a particular family of African languages belonging to the wider Niger-Benue group.- The vast majority of the peoples of Central Africa during the pre-colonial era lived in decentralized societies- The Luba Kingdom evolved after the 13th century AD in the Lake Kisala area- The Congo Kingdom was transformed to become a centralized Kingdom where the Mani Kongo governed the ruling council.- The title of the ruler of Great Zimbabwe was the mwene-Mutapa- The Greeks referred to the East African Coast as Azania- The Swahili culture and language are a combination of predominantly Arabic and Bantu languages- Oral tradition of Nilotes puts their homeland between Lake Turkana and Nile River- The Swahili language is widely spoken in: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda (NOT Mali)- Following the coming of the Arabs to North Africa, Egypt and the Maghrib came to be ruled by the Fatimid Dynasty- Dhows were Arab sailing ships used for trade in the Western Indian Ocean- Main central region of the East African Coast was referred to as Land of Zanj- Swahili city-states: Kilwa, Mombosa, Zanzibar, Malindi, Lamu- Zanzibar was the first Swahili town to come under attack by the Portuguese in 1503- Dhows: Arab ships used for trade between Arabs and East Africans in the Western IndianOcean- Mani Kongo: Leader who united Congo into a centralized government. Congo Kingdom transformed to a centralized kingdom where Mani Kongo governed with a ruling council.- Mwene-Mutapa: Ruler of Great Zimbabwe- Mpifo: Royal blood. In the case of Luba, ideology of sacredness which claimed that certain people were born to rule through royal blood (mpifo) running through veins- Nkani: Small scale units in Congo and Tio were each a collection of settlements recognizing a common head. The leader of each unit was called Nkani- Mani Kabunga: Common rituals associated w/ earth shrines whose leaders were called Mani Kabunga, held together small scale states- King Afonso: Succeeded as Mani Congo in 1506, and chose to remain Christian. He wasopposed to slave trade and didn’t want any of his subjects being taken into slavery. He also employed Portuguese technology- Sultan: Ruler of Arab kingdoms, predominantly that of Arabia- Land of Zanj: In the 700’s, Arabs called the Central East African Coast the “Land of Zanj”- Azania: This is what the Greeks referred to as the East African Coast- Ottomans: People of Turkey. These Islamic people came to North Africa and brought in slave mercenaries to help defend North Africa from the crusaders- Swahili: Language family which was a mix of Bantu and Arabic and is spoken on the East African coast; Is the national language of Tanzania- Radio Carbon: Dating system imployed by archaeologists that was the half life of Carbon to determine the age of somethingQuiz 5 Notes (Chapters 10-12)- One of the main underlying elements of virtually all types of African Political systems during the pre-colonial era was the lineage- Among the Nandi people of Kenya, the orkoiyot is a temporary military position- Among the Luo of Kenya, the witong is a temporary military position- In the Oyo empire, power was centealized in the hands of the Alafin- In the Oyo empire, the leading minister was known as the bashorun- In some states like Liberia and Sierra Leone, secret societies played a role in checking King’s power- Ashanti Empire, Osei Tutu is claimed to have received the golden stool from the sky- In Yoruba political system, the iyolade was a female official with a jurisdiction over all women- Stateless Societies in precolonial Africa: Tiv, Ibo, Nandi- In Oyo kingom, the Ogboni made important decisions on rituals with tremendous political implications- Agriculture was dominant economic activity- Societies in Africa with Pastoral Economies: Xhosa, Maasai, Fulbe- One of the vocations that was exempt from farming in precolonial societies were Blacksmiths- Katsina and Ibadan had population estimates of 70,000 and 100,000 in 1800o Malinke city of Segu had a pop. Of about 30,000 by 1795- The poro was a male secret society in Sierra Leone and Liberia- Acephalous Societies: Stateless societies. Had no centralized government and no supreme leader. Some stateless societies were Luo and Nandi, Tiv and Ibo- Poro: Male secret society in Sierra Leone and Liberia that checked the King’s powers- Osei Tutu: In the Ashanti empire, Osei Tutu was claimed to have received the golden stool that descended from the sky. The stool represented the Ashanti soul.- Alafin: King who held centralized power in the Oyo Kingdom- Witong: Is a temporary military position among the Luo of Kenya. Which was one of thefirst signs of a type of supreme ruler which helped the change from stateless to state societies- Chinua Achebe: Wrote a book called ‘Things Fall Apart’ which carries vivid descriptions of yam festivals among Ibo- Matooke: Pasty meal made of plaintains in Uganda- Muhammed Ali: Became a supreme ruler in Egypt. He tried to take over Sudan but did not succeed. He did defeat the Mameluks- Lineage: The linkage between generations that often kept stateless communities at peace and together. When they became too large, state societies began to rise.- Berbers: Nomadic stateless peoples of the Muslim faith that resided in Northern Africa- Odwira Festival: In Ashanti kingdom, the Odwira festival was a annual festival that embraced such activity as the bringing of a tribute- Bere Festival: In Oyo empire, Bere festival was celebratory event where provincial rulers were supposed to bring roofing material for Alafins houses- Kabaka: Kings council in Buganda kingdomQuiz 6 Notes (Chapters 13 and 14)- Freetown was the first colony established in West Africa for repatriates- In the early 16th century this island on the West African coast became the largest single producer of sugar for the European Market – Sao Tome- The last country to legally abolish slavery in Americas was Brazil- Portugal was the first European nation to establish trading stations along the West African coast in 15th century- The most impressive armed slave revolt prior to 1800 ocurred in Brazil in 1605- Candomble: The African religious manifestation established in Brazil by slaves- Middle Passage: Trans Atlantic crossing between West Africa and Americas- Dutch started a small station for supplying ships in Cape of Good Hope in 1652- Cape Verde was the first area that the Portuguese established