BioSc221/325 Exam 1 Name ______________________________Multiple choice. (1 point each) Choose the one best answer to each of the following questions.____ Which of the following are made up of eukaryotic cells?A. Bacteria and fungiB. Archaea and fungiC. Protozoa and animalsD. Bacteria and archaea____ In general, prokaryotic cells are __.A. larger than eukaryotic cellsB. smaller than eukaryotic cellsC. about the same size a eukaryotic cellsD. not physiologically comparable to eukaryotic cells and therefore proaryotic and eukaryotic cell sizes should not be compared.____ The periplasm is a(n) __.A. Part of the outer cell membrane of gram negative organisms.B. Part of the inner cell membrane of gram negative organisms.C. Space between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane layers.D. Alternate name for the inner cell membrane of any prokaryotic cell.____ Enzyme found in saliva that cleaves the -1,4 linkage of the peptidoglycan layer.A. lysozymeB. mureinC. penicillinD. vancomycin____ Which of the following statements is false?A. The flagellar protein subunit is flagellin.B. In flagellar motion, the basal body acts as a motor.C. Flagella rotate at a constant speed and in a constant direction.D. The hook is the wider region between the basal body and the filament._____ __ is found only in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. A. Lipoteichoic acidB. N-acetyltalosaminuronic acidC. LipopolysaccharideD. Teichoic acid____ Enzyme that protects bacteria from damage caused by hydrogen peroxide.A. catalaseB. superoxide dismutaseC. lysozymeD. hydrogenase____ Which of the following does not accurately describe the conditions early in Earth’s life prior to the appearance of cyanobacteria?A. Absence of oxygen in the atmosphereB. Presence of an ozone layer.C. Cataclysmic bombardments and volcanic activity.D. Early appearance of prokaryotes.____ Bacterial cell which has lost its peptidoglycan layer but remains intact is called a(n)A. lysozomeB. protoplastC. periplasmD. osmoplast____ Proteins that form channels in the outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria.A. bactoprenolsB. lipoproteinsC. porinsD. transport proteins____ Fiber like structures on the surface of bacteria that aid in attachment to surfaces.A. bactoprenolB. flagellaC. glycocalyxD. pili____ Which of the following proteins is not found in the cytoplasmic membrane of a bacterial cell?A. Regulatory proteinsB. Transport proteinsC. Proteins for synthesis of peptidoglycanD. Proteins for energy generationE. Porins____ Molecules found in halophiles that protect them from the low water activity of their environment.A. compatible solutesB. halitesC. halogensD. isotoners_____ Which of the following used carbolic acid to disinfect surgical wounds and made surgery a much safer procedure due to the decrease in patients dying of infected surgical wounds.A. John SnowB. Robert KochC. Joseph ListerD. Ignaz Semmelweis____ Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is associated with __ .A. the outer membrane of Gram-positive bacteria.B. the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.C. the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-positive bacteria.D. the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.____ Which of the following organisms are responsible for introducing molecular oxygen into the early Earth’s atmosphere?A. algaeB. bryophytes C. cyanobacteriaD. fernsE. protozoa____ Which of the following does not describe the conditions for an enrichment culture for methanogenic archaea from the human colon?A. Use selective medium containing antibiotics to prevent overgrowth of archaea by bacteria.B. Provide an aerobic atmosphere by vigorous shaking.C. Supply H2 and CO2 at above atmospheric pressure to facilitate entry of gases into the liquid medium.D. Growth of methanogenic archaea is detected by the appearance of methane in the culture vessel.____ Which of the following accurately describes the primary microbial composition of the colonic flora of a human living in the United States.A. Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative rods, methanogenic archaeaB. Gram-positive cocci, Gram-positive rods, Gram-negative rodsC. Gram-positive cocci, Gram-positive rods, protozoaD. Gram-positive rods, Gram-negative rods, Gram-negative cocciE. Gram-positive cocci, Gram-positive rods, halophilic archaea____ Which of the following cell wall components elicits an inflammatory response in the human body?A. piliB. porinsC. peptidoglycanD. capsuleE. lipoteichoic acid____ Which of the following important enzymes is found in the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell?A. Enzymes of the electron transport chainB. ATP synthaseC. BactoprenolD. Sensor proteinsE. Ribosomes____ Amino acid found in the pentapeptide of the peptidoglycan of gram-negative bacteria.A. diaminopimelic acidB. dipicolinic acidC. L-lysineD. teichoic acid____ When doing a colony count __.A. It is assumed that each colony arose from only one organism.B. Only viable cells are countedC. The medium must be suitable for colonial growthD. All of the aboveMatching. (1 point each) Match the definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. Note, not all terms will be used.____ The cell wall of some archaea consists of ___.____ Molecule found in the cell wall of Gram-positive but not Gram-negative bacteria.____ Bacteria in which the flagella are distributed as tufts at one end of the cell.____ A component of pseudomurein____ Associated child-bed fever with medical students not washing their hands after surgery.____ The first to use an epidemiological approach to solving a disease outbreak (cholera).____ Identified the causative agents of the deadly diseases anthrax and tuberculosis____ Cocci arranged in "grape-like" clusters.____ A culture technique in which conditions favor the growth of the desired type of organism.____ A device for enumerating microorganisms by microscope instead of cultivation.____ Bacteria that remain blue after completion of the Gram stain procedure.____ Technique that makes it possible to separate genome size DNA fragments on a gel.A. AmphitrichousB. EnrichmentC. Gram-negativeD. Gram-positiveE. Koch, RobertF. Lipoteichoic acidG. LophotrichousH. MureinI. N-acetylmuramic acidJ. N-acetyltalosaminuronic acidK. Pasteur, LouisL. PeptidoglycanM. PeritrichousN. Petroff-Hauser counterO. Pseudopeptidoglycan P. Pulsed-field Gel ElectrophoresisQ. SarcinaR. Semmelweis, IgnazS. Snow, JohnT. StaphylococciU. StreakingV. StreptococciW. Tyndal, JohnShort answer. (1 point each)Penicillin can kill bacteria