1. What effects might you expect in a mammal whose major hemoglobin is mutated such that it lacks a Bohr effect? Include an oxygen dissociation curve and a description of the Bohr effect in your answer. 4 ptsBohr effect: When CO2 in our system increases, it causes our blood pH to drop which results in a lower affinity for oxygen in our blood. This lower affinity is essential for absorbing up more oxygen. If a mammal’s hemoglobin lacks Bohr effect, it would not be able to maintain homeostasis therefore animals won’t be able to control the CO2 concentration in the blood. Not having Bohr effect will also disrupt the diffusion rate of oxygen into the blood. The dissociation curve shifts to the right when there is high affinity of hemoglobin for CO2The dissociation curve shifts to the left when there is high affinity of hemoglobin for O22. Describe what happens to CO2 and O2 in the blood as blood travels through the capillaries of the alveoli of the lungs. 3 ptsFunction of Respiratory system is to take in the environmental oxygen while diffusing out Carbon dioxide from our body. In our lings, Alveoli and capillaries around it are very thin, they have a thickness of one cell which aids in the diffusion process. When oxygen rich air enters the lungs it quickly diffuses in through the blood barrier and then into the capillaries. Just like oxygen, CO2 goes through the blood then into the alveoli and then exhaled later.3. When looking at respiratory organs, why is counter current exchange more efficient than concurrent exchange? 3 ptsIn countercurrent exchange the air and blood flow are flowing opposite to each other, this opposite flow is suitable for more oxygen diffusion into the blood vessels. In concurrent exchange air flow and blood flow are flowing parallel to each other. This unidirectional flow initially diffuses oxygen into the blood but later on it reaches an equilibrium between blood flow and air flow. This results in very less amount of oxygen to be diffuses through the blood. Hence, Countercurrent exchange is more efficient than concurrent