Unformatted text preview:

References1UTIUrinary tract infections are considered the most common microbial infection that is more prevalent in women than men due to their genital structure. Pathogens can be eliminated by the bactericidal effect of the uroepithelium and through the process of micturition in a normal host defense mechanism. However, when a pathogen overwhelms the body's defense mechanism and becomes altered, the pathogen rapidly reproduces, resulting in a UTI (Huether, 2019). A UTI is an inflammation of the urinary epithelium caused by bacteria from the gut flora. It is classified into two different subsets, uncomplicated UTI typically affecting a healthy individual without any abnormalities of the urinary tract, usually representing community-onset cystitis. The secondis complicated UTIs that occur primarily in hospitalized patients due to their compromised urodynamics or host defenses (Flores-Mireles et al., 2019). Some factors that increase the risk of urinary tract infections are vaginal flora disruption, the use of spermicide, estrogen deficiency, and a neurogenic bladder (Huether, 2019). Also, urinary obstruction or retention, renal failure or transplant, pregnancy, lapses in catheter care protocols, fecal incontinence, and most commonly, the use and duration of indwelling catheters are linked to UTI prevalence. (Flores-Mireles et al., 2019).Studies have shown that the mechanical stress foley catheters cause in the bladder triggers an inflammatory response, exfoliation, edema, and mucosal lesions in the bladder epithelium.- Ongoing epithelial irritation with foley catheter use has been linked to the development of squamous carcinoma, keratinizing squamous carcinoma, or cystitis granularis. The presence of a foley catheter interferes with the body's normal micturition process. It also impairs the host defenses, creating an environment that allows uropathogenic invasions such as E. faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida Albicans, and E. coli (Flores-Mireles et al., 2019).2The key concept discussed is UTI and the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions. Appropriate antibiotics must be prescribed for patients admitted with urinary tract infections to prevent urosepsis that may develop into septic shock or other microbial infection complications. It is prudent for the nurse practitioner or healthcare provider to select appropriate antibiotics to manage suspected UTIs to reduce antibiotic resistance and lessen the medication's adverse effects (Chardavoyne & Kasmire, 2020). The nurse practitioner must conduct a thorough history and physical to determine any underlying urological disorders that may contribute to the risk andor the diagnosis of urinary tract infections and ensure that diagnostic tests such as labs and urine culture and sensitivity tests are obtained. In conjunction with the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Guidelines and the hospital's antibiogram, it provides the nurse practitioner a tool that helps tailor antibiotic treatment to the patient experiencing a urinary tract infection (Chardavoyne & Kasmire, 2020). Since studies have shown favorable results using beta-lactams in the treatment of UTIs, one can prescribe 1st or 2nd generation cephalosporin antibiotics. A delay in prescribing antibiotics if an infection is uncertain or the immediate discontinuation of the antibiotics when a negative urine culture has resulted are strategies that reduce overusing antibiotics (Chardavoyne & Kasmire, 2020).With antibiotic resistance on the rise and the prevalence of multi-drug resistant organisms, healthcare providers must choose the appropriate treatment to manage UTIs or suspected UTIs.- When prescribing antibiotics, using IDSA guidelines and the hospital's antibiogram is the best practice to reduce antibiotic resistance chances.3ReferencesChardavoyne, P., & Kasmire, K. (2020). Appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions for urinary tract infections. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 21(3), 633–639. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2020.1.45944Flores-Mireles, A., Hreha, T. N., & Hunstad, D. A. (2019). Pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 25(3), 228–240. https://doi.org/10.1310/sci2503-228Huether, S.E. (2019). Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function. In K.L. McCance & S.E. Huether (Eds.), Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed., pp. 1254-1255). Mosby


View Full Document

UT Arlington NURS 5315 - UTI

Documents in this Course
Load more
Download UTI
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view UTI and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view UTI 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?