Blank PageFormula Sheet Useful InformationMc = iM P = XsolventP° mc = im DTb = kbmc DTf = kfmc P = McRT PV = nRT A = eIC w = -DngRT q = msDT = CDT = nDH Horxn = c(product)xHfo(product) - c(reactant)xHfo(reactant)Horxn ~ #(broken bond)xD(broken bond) - #(formed bond)xD(formed bond)Constants1.00 atm = 760 Torr = 760 mmHg R = 0.0821 !∗#$%%&'∗( = 8.314 )%&'∗(DG° = DH° - TDS° Kp = Kc (RT)DngDG° = -RTlnK & K = e-DG/RT TBP = DH°vap / DS°vapDG = DG° + RTlnQ or RTln(Q/K) Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15 Useful Information Quadratic Equation: x = -b ±b2 - 4ac 2a pH = - log [H3O1+] & [H3O1+] = 10-pH pOH = - log [OH1-] & [OH1-] = 10-pOHAt 298, pH + pOH = 14; Kw = 10-14 % ionization = 100 x (Ka / co)1/2 K = Ka(reacting acid)/Ka(conjugate acid) [H3O1+] = (Ka x co)1/2 [OH1-] = (Kb x co)1/2 pKa = - log (Ka) pKb = - log (Kb) & & Ka = 10-pKa Kb = 10-pKb Ka * Kb = KwAt 298, pKa + pKb = 14 Acid Ka Base ClO41–HClO4HI, HBr, HCl I1–,Br1–,Cl1–HSO41– NO31– H2O HSO31– F1– NO21– C3H5O31–C2H3O21–HCO31– >>1>>1>>1>>111.5 × 10–2 7.2 × 10–4 4.0 × 10–4 6.4 × 10–5 1.8 × 10–5 4.3 × 10–7 1.0 × 10–7 SO32– 5.6 × 10–10 NH3 4.7 × 10–11 CO32– 1.0 × 10–14 OH1– H2SO4 HNO3 H3O1+H2SO3 HF HNO2 HC3H5O3 HC2H3O2 H2CO3 HSO31– NH41+HCO31– H2O NH3 <<10–14
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