C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy151-3 Intro Bio Discussion In-Class Worksheet Week of February 15, 20211. A particular amino acid is transported from the extracellular medium up its concentration gradient. The integral membrane protein that transports the amino acids also binds and transports Na+. a. Describe a transport mechanism which would permit the amino acid uptake to be coupled to Na+ transport, where the concentration of Na+ inside the cell is approximately 15mM, and the external fluid is about 150 mM.b. In this situation, what other component would be needed to maintain the transport of the amino acid in the long term? 2. a. Draw or describe in words the phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane. Then draw or describe diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport (use pumps as well as co-transporters), and include theconditions under which certain types of ions or molecules are transported. Where necessary, set up concentration gradients, use ATP, and include transmembrane proteins. b. Add to your diagram/description the process of endocytosis. Be sure to show or explain the “outside – inside” orientation of the vesicle or food vacuole.c. Add cholesterol to your drawings or description of the membranes. What effects do steroid molecules play in membrane fluidity? How do they do this? 3. The ratios of saturated to unsaturated phospholipids in an organism’s membranes can change in response to changes in environmental conditions. Consider two biological membranes: one with no unsaturated fatty acids, and another with many unsaturated fatty acids. a. How do the properties of the first membrane compare with those of the second? 1b. Considering what you know about the properties of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, would youexpect an amoeba that lives in a pond in a cold northern climate to have a higher or lower percentage of saturated fatty acids in its membranes during the summer as compared to the winter? Explain your answer.4. . The summary formula for cellular respiration is C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (as ATP) a. Where is each of the reactants below used in respiration (glycolysis, the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, Krebs,or Ox. phos.)? b. Where is each of the products produced in the overall process? Be specific. C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy2Name:________________________________________________Section:_________________________________5. Consider how ONE molecule of glucose is processed during cellular respiration.Fill in the tables below for each of the stages of cellular respiration: 1) indicate where in the cell it takes place in eukaryotes; 2) list the primary inputs for the stage, how many of each input (e.g., 6 H2O molecules), and where the inputs come from; 3) list the products and what happens to the products; and 4) indicate the net energetic output (in ATP molecules) from the stage. If you have time and find it helpful, there is room below the chart the sketch/draw what happens during each stage of respiration.GLYCOLYSIS. This takes place in the cytoplasm of eukaryotesInputs Source of input Outputs What happens to the outputs1 molecule glucose2NAD+4 ADP Food the organism ate2 pyruvate2 ATP2 NADHProcessed in the intermediate stage before entering the Citric Acid cycle- Used to facilitate Kreb’s cycleNET ENERGY OUTPUT: 2 ATP produced3Name:________________________________________________Section:_________________________________PYRUVATE OXIDATION. This takes place in the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotesInputs Source of input Products What happens to the productsCoenzyme A Cell's reserves Pyruvate from glycolysisNET ENERGY OUTPUT: 2 NADH4Name:________________________________________________Section:_________________________________CIRTIC ACID CYCLE. This takes place in the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotesInputs Source of input Products What happens to the products2 Acetyl CoA molecules NADHFAD+Products of glycolysis/pyruvate oxidationNET ENERGY OUTPUT: 5Name:________________________________________________Section:_________________________________OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION/ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN. This takes place across the inner mitochondrial membrane__ of eukaryotesInputs Source of input Products What happens to the products10 NADH2 from glycolysis, 2 from pyruvate oxidation and 6 from Citric Acid cycle . NET ENERGY OUTPUT: