1. In the definition of epidemiology, “distribution” refers to: 1. Who2. When3. Where4. Why2. In the definition of epidemiology, “determinants” generally includes: 1. Agents2. Causes3. Control measures4. Risk factors5. Sources3. Epidemiology, as defined in this lesson, would include which of the following activities? 1. Describing the demographic characteristics of persons with acute aflatoxin poisoning in District A2. Prescribing an antibiotic to treat a patient with community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection3. Comparing the family history, amount of exercise, and eating habits of those with and without newly diagnosed diabetes4. Recommending that a restaurant be closed after implicating it as the source of a hepatitis A outbreak4. John Snow’s investigation of cholera is considered a model for epidemiologic field investigations because it included a: 1. Biologically plausible hypothesis2. Comparison of a health outcome among exposed and unexposed groups3. Multivariate statistical model4. Spot map5. Recommendation for public health action5. Public health surveillance includes which of the following activities: 1. Diagnosing whether a case of encephalitis is actually due to West Nile virus infection2. Soliciting case reports of persons with symptoms compatible with SARs from local hospitals3. Creating graphs of the number of dog bites by week and neighborhood4. Writing a report on trends in seat belt use to share with the state legislature5. Disseminating educational materials about ways people can reduce their risk of Lyme disease6. The hallmark feature of an analytic epidemiologic study is: (Choose one best answer) 1. Use of an appropriate comparison group2. Laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis3. Publication in a peer-reviewed journal4. Statistical analysis using logistic regression7. A number of passengers on a cruise ship from Puerto Rico to the Panama Canal have recently developed a gastrointestinal illness compatible with norovirus (formerly called Norwalk-like virus). Testing for norovirus is not readily available in any nearby island, and the test takes several days even where available. Assuming you are the epidemiologist called on to board the ship and investigate this possible outbreak, your case definition should include, at a minimum: (Choose one best answer)1. Clinical criteria, plus specification of time, place, and person2. Clinical features, plus the exposure(s) you most suspect3. Suspect cases4. The nationally agreed standard case definition for disease reporting8. A specific case definition is one that: 1. Is likely to include only (or mostly) true cases2. Is considered “loose” or “broad”3. Will include more cases than asensitive case definition4. May exclude mild cases9. Comparing numbers and rates of illness in a community, rates are preferred for: (Choose one best answer) 1. Conducting surveillance for communicable diseases2. Deciding how many doses of immune globulin are needed3. Estimating subgroups at highest risk4. Telling physicians which strain of influenza is most prevalent10. For the cruise ship scenario described in Question 7, how would you display the time course of the outbreak? (Choose one best answer) 1. Endemic curve2. Epidemic curve3. Seasonal trend4. Secular trend11. For the cruise ship scenario described in Question 7, if you suspected that the norovirus may have been transmitted by ice made or served aboard ship, how might you display “place”? 1. Spot map by assigned dinner seating location2. Spot map by cabin3. Shaded map of United States by state of residence4. Shaded map by whether passenger consumed ship’s ice or not12. Which variables might you include in characterizing the outbreak described in Question 7 by person? 1. Age of passenger2. Detailed food history (what person ate) while aboard ship3. Status as passenger or crew4. Symptoms13. When analyzing surveillance data by age, which of the following age groups is preferred? (Choose one best answer) 1. 1-year age groups2. 5-year age groups3. 10-year age groups4. Depends on the disease14. A study in which children are randomly assigned to receive either a newly formulated vaccine or the currently available vaccine, and are followed to monitor for side effects and effectiveness of each vaccine, is an example of which type of study? 1. Experimental2. Observational3. Cohort4. Case-control5. Clinical trial15. The Iowa Women’s Health Study, in which researchers enrolled 41,837 women in 1986 andcollected exposure and lifestyle information to assess the relationship between these factorsand subsequent occurrence of cancer, is an example of which type(s) of study? 1. Experimental2. Observational3. Cohort4. Case-control5. Clinical