Bio/Zoo 102 Spring 2021 Lab 2 Check-in Questions Answer Sheet Name: Mitch EinhornThis is an individual activity. All of your answers should be your own work and should not be shared with anyone else. See your section’s schedule for deadline date and time.TYPE your answers in BLUE TEXT1. a. Do lizards, snakes, and monkeys form a clade if all other taxa are excluded?Yes b) How many clades can you identify on this tree?5 c) One clade is composed of sea urchins, lizards, snakes, monkeys, bears and lions. Identify the rest of them. Write the names of the animals in each clade on a separate line.Bears and lionsMonkeys bears and lionsLizards and snakesLizards snakes monkeys bears lions2. Using this information, match each of the taxa not already on the tree (A G O P T ) with a number at the tips of the tree (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5). You can just highlight the answer in blue text for each of the lettered taxa.A = (1, 2, 3, 4, or 5?) O = (1, 2, 3, 4, or 5?)F = (1, 2, 3, 4, or 5?) F P = (1, 2, 3, 4, or 5?)G = (1, 2, 3, 4, or 5?) T = (1, 2, 3, 4, or 5?)3. a. What does the yellow layer represent?The pinacocytesb) What does the red layer represent?The Amoebocytesc) What does the gray layer represent?The choanocytes4. Does the sponge body plan allow for gas exchange to occur directly with all cells in an efficient way without a specialized gas exchange structure? Why or why not?The sponge body plan allows for gas exchange to occur directly with all cells in an efficient way without a specialized gas exchange structure since all cells are near their external environments.5. What about the mesohyl. It is not located on the surface and can be a thicker layer than a single cell layer—does it require gas exchange? Explain.Mesophyl does not require gas exchange because it is located in between the inner and outer layers of the sponge. This attribute makes mesophyll too far away for diffusion to be successful, and its thickness and location are not constrained due to the fact that mesophyll doesn’t require oxygen and doesn’t create carbon dioxide.6. Which type of suspension feeding do sponges use, active or passive? Why is it considered this type of suspension feeding?Passive7. What cell and, specifically what part of that cell, creates the water current through the canals of the sponge? The choanocyte, specifically the flagella create the water current through the canals of the sponge.8. What cell and, specifically what part of that cell, captures and retains the food particles?The choanocyte, specifically the microvilli capture and retain the food particles.9. What cell in a sponge do you think could take the food from the choanocyte and deliver it to all cells of the sponge‘s body? Explain your reasoning. I think the amoebocytes could take food from the choanocyte and deliver it to all cells of the sponge’s body. This is due to the fact that the amoebocytes are mobile cells.10. Which of these lines, a b or c, represents what would appear on this graph? a-shows velocity remaining the sameb- shows velocity decreasing in choanocyte chamberc-shows velocity increasing in choanocyte chamberExplain the reason for your choice.Line B represents what would appear on the graph because velocity should decrease when in the choanocyte chamber because thecurrent needs to move at a steady pace. Following that process, it should increase when water is leaving the sponge.11. a. Through what part of the sponge is the velocity of the water current the slowest? The velocity of the water current is slowest in the choanocyte.b) Why do you think it is beneficial for the flow of water to slow down where the choanocytes are located?It is beneficial for the flow of water to slow down where the choanocytes are located to ensure that the water current is at a steady pace that would allow food particles to be trapped.c) Through what part of the sponge is the velocity of the water current the fastest?The velocity of the water current is fastest at the osculum.d) Why do you think it is beneficial to have a fast current here?This is beneficial because the osculum releases the filtered water and is better if this is done at a more rapid