VI 1 Diameter of bob using ruler d 2 30 cm 2 50 cm 2 60 cm The range of values measured is maximum minimum 2 60 cm 2 30 cm 0 3 cm or 3 0 mm Diameter of bob using caliper d 2 54 cm 2 55 cm 2 53 cm The range of values measured is maximum minimum 2 55 cm 2 53 cm 0 02 cm or 0 2 mm Measurements taken using the caliper has a range that is a factor of 15 smaller than the ruler Hence the precision of the caliper is greater than that of the ruler Thickness of 100 g mass using a ruler t 0 90 cm 0 95 cm 0 90 cm The range is 0 05 cm 0 5mm The thickness of the mass as measured by the caliper t 0 91 cm 0 92 cm 0 91 cm The range is 0 01 cm or 0 1 mm Even in this instance the caliper is more precise as the range of measured values is still a fifth of that of the ruler However in this instance the the difference is only 5x rather than the 15x of that for the pendulum bob The range of values for the ruler measurement of the pendulum bob is 3 times larger than the range of values for the ruler measurement of the 100g mass This is due to several things The mass is narrower meaning that there is less chance for parallax error The mass has two flat edges that you are measuring the distance between while the bob diameter changed depending on where you measure Do At Home 1 Diameter of mug sideway view Left side cm 0 0 0 1 0 0 Right side cm 8 1 8 0 8 2 Total cm 8 1 7 9 8 2 Ranged of measured value is max min 8 2 7 9 0 3 cm or 3 mm Diameter of mug vertical view Left side cm 0 0 0 0 0 0 Right side cm 8 1 8 2 8 2 Total cm 8 1 8 2 8 2 Ranged of measured value is max min 8 2 8 1 0 1 cm or 1 mm The uncertainty of the vertical view is lesser than that of the sideway view hence the vertical view is more accurate Due to the distance between the ruler and the point of interest where we are measuring the sideway view has a higher parallax error as the relatively large distance exaggerate the possible values that could be viewed by the person VI 2 l 55cm l 55 2 54 57 54cm uncertainty of 0 3cm Measured values of T in seconds 1 37 1 46 1 54 1 51 1 57 1 58 1 63 1 57 1 44 1 32 1 42 1 47 1 57 1 41 1 60 Excel returns the average value of T 1 497 seconds Excel returns the standard deviation of T as t 0 09239 seconds The standard deviation of the mean is given as t n 1 2 0 09239 15 1 2 0 02385 seconds Hence T t 1 50 0 02 seconds Do At Home 2 Data on single period of pendulum 30 cm pendulum second 1 01 1 13 1 05 1 08 1 08 60 cm pendulum second 1 40 1 44 1 38 1 43 1 38 Ranged of measured value is max min 30 cm pendulum second 1 13 1 01 0 12 60 cm pendulum second 1 44 1 38 0 06 Fractional range is range average range 30 cm pendulum second 0 12 1 01 1 13 1 05 1 08 1 08 5 12 107 60 cm pendulum second 0 06 1 4 1 44 1 38 1 38 1 43 5 60 703 The 30cm pendulum have greater spread of data in both the range and the fractional range VI 3 eye position 1 x0 37 4 cm 2 x0 37 6 cm 3 x0 37 8 cm x x0 xm For example when m 20 X0 37 6 Xm 35 3 37 6 35 3 2 3 cm m g 20 20 20 40 40 40 60 60 60 80 80 80 100 100 100 120 120 120 Slope Slope unc xm cm 35 3 35 4 35 1 32 6 32 7 32 5 29 9 30 0 30 2 27 7 27 7 27 7 25 3 24 9 25 1 22 6 22 9 22 7 7 9911243 6 0 0665800 2 x cm 2 3 2 2 2 5 5 4 9 5 1 7 7 7 6 7 4 9 9 9 9 9 9 12 3 12 7 12 5 15 14 7 14 9 0 5216132 intercep 4 t 0 6449771 5 unc int Hanging mass vs Elongation 140 120 f x 7 99x 2 12 mass g 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 2 4 6 8 Elongation cm S s 7 99 0 07 g cm B b 0 52 0 6 g K k 7830 60 g s 2 10 12 14 16 VI 4 X0 37 4 m g 20 20 20 40 40 40 60 60 60 80 80 80 100 100 100 120 120 120 Slope Slope Unc xm cm 35 3 35 4 35 1 32 6 32 7 32 5 29 9 30 0 30 2 27 7 27 7 27 7 25 3 24 9 25 1 22 6 22 9 22 7 7 9911243 6 0 0665800 2 x cm 2 1 2 2 3 4 8 4 7 4 9 7 5 7 4 7 2 9 7 9 7 9 7 12 1 12 5 12 3 14 8 14 5 14 7 2 1198381 intercep 1 t 0 6330530 9 unc int As even with the parallax the slope slope unc intercept and intercept unc Are the same as VI 3 hence all calculation onwards will be the same therefore K k 7830 60 g s 2