Laboratory ILEARNING OBJECTIVES1. Design and implement an experiment using appropriate controls, duplicates, and measurable variables.2. Collect data and maintain a lab notebook.3. Communicate experimental protocol, results, and interpretation in oral and written form.ACTIVITY 1: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN REVIEW1. For the following scenario, put the correct response in the blanks provided.A. Independent VariableB. Controlled Variable or ConstantC. Experimental Group D. Dependent Variable E. Control GroupThe Northwood High School Biology class conducted an experiment to determine the effects of Brand X plant fertilizer on grass growth. Two plots of grass located in the same yard were used. Both plots received 10 hours of sunlight per day, one inch of water per week, and were maintained at 28° Cfor a period of 30 days. Once every seven days, plot A received 3 grams of Brand X fertilizer dissolved in that day's water supply. Plot B did not receive any fertilizer throughout the experiment.__E___Plot B __C___Plot A __B___Amount of sunlight received__D___Grass growth __A___Brand X fertilizer2. For the following scenario, write the correct parameter next to the correct identifying term.Scientists observed that white mice that were fed seeds appeared to grow more than mice fed their regular diet of leafy green and yellow vegetables. The scientists hypothesized that the protein in the seed was responsible forthe growth. They designed an experiment to test this hypothesis. They divided 200 mice of the same age, size, health, and sex into two groups of 100 mice each. The mice were kept under identical conditions for 90 days. One group was given the normal low-protein diet of vegetables. The other group was given the new high protein diet of seeds. The mass of each mouse was recorded weekly for 90 days.Independent Variable: ___amount of protein____________________________Dependent variable: ___mice growth____________________________Controlled Variable or Constant: ___age, size, health, sex, amount of days____________________________Control Group: ___mice fed low protein diet____________________________Experimental Group: ____high protein diet group___________________________In the above scenario, are they collecting qualitative or quantitative data? ____quantitative___________________________Give an example of each type of data that is or could be collected from this experiment:Qualitative: _____change in behavior__________________________Quantitative: ___mass of mice____________________________ACTIVITY 2: NATAL BEAN DISCRIMINATION BY BEAN BEETLESDuring a regular semester, BIO183 students conduct a semester-long experiment, using bean beetles as a model organism. Unfortunately, we will not have the option of conducting such an experiment this summer, but we canat least re-use some of the valuable aspects of this project. In this activity, you will be asked to graph and interpret data related to bean beetle behavior, as if you had collected the data yourself.INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION ABOUT BEAN BEETLES:Bean beetles (cowpea seed beetles), Callosobruchus maculatus, are agricultural pest insects of Africa and Asia. Females lay their eggs on the surface of beans (Family Fabaceae). Eggs are deposited (= oviposition) singly and several days after oviposition, a beetle larva (maggot) burrows into the bean. At 30°C, pupation and emergenceof an adult beetle occurs 21-30 days after an egg was deposited. Adults are mature 24-36 hours after emergenceand they do not need to feed. Adults may live for 1-2 weeks during which time mating and oviposition occur. Since larvae cannot move from the bean on which an egg was deposited, the oviposition choice of a female determines the future food resources available to their offspring (Brown and Downhower 1988). As a result, it is the most critical choice a female makes for her offspring, because it will influence their growth, survival, and future reproduction (Mitchell 1975; Wasserman and Futuyma 1981). Although females can be induced to lay eggs (oviposit) on a wide range of bean species, very few bean species result in normal development and the successful emergence of adults. Some bean species have been shown to be toxic to Callosobruchus maculatus larvae (Janzen et al. 1977).Additional information can be found at the following link (also on the laboratory website):https://www.beanbeetles.org/handbook/#IntroductionFigure 1. Bean Beetle eating mung beanFEMALE BEAN BEETLE PREFERENCEIn this activity, students were asked to perform a set of experiments to evaluate whether female bean beetles discriminate between two suitable species of beans.Pretend that you are the person performing this experiment. Read the set of instructions below and write down a hypothesis stating whether or not you expect female bean beetles to discriminate between mung beans and adzuki beans.Hypothesis: I believe that the bean beetles will choose the mung beans when faced with the decision of mung bungs and adzuki beans.Rationale supporting your hypothesis: The beetles will choose the mung beans because it is an instinct.MATERIALSFemale bean beetlesMung and adzuki beansCulture plates divided into three compartmentsPaintbrush and blunt end tweezers for maneuvering beetlesMETHODS1. Place 10-20 adzuki beans in one compartment of your culture plate. Place 10-20 mung beans in a different compartment. Leave the third compartment empty.2. Place a female bean beetle in the center of the dish. At the end of one minute record where the female was (which compartment).3. Gently push the beetle back to the center with your paintbrush or pick the beetle up with your tweezers and place it in the center. Be careful not to injure your beetle.4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 every minute for 15 minutes.5. Fill out your data sheet and repeat the experiment.DATA SHEETFor the purpose of this exercise, pretend that your collected the following data pointsNatal Bean (bean type from which the female emerged): ____________________Location at:Attempt 1 Attempt 21 minute Adzuki 1 minute Empty2 minutes Adzuki 2 minutes Empty3 minutes Adzuki 3 minutes Adzuki4 minutes Adzuki 4 minutes Adzuki5 minutes Adzuki 5 minutes Adzuki6 minutes Empty 6 minutes Adzuki7 minutes Empty 7 minutes Adzuki8 minutes Mung 8 minutes Mung9 minutes Mung 9 minutes Mung10 minutes Adzuki 10 minutes Mung11 minutes Adzuki 11 minutes Mung12 minutes Mung 12 minutes Mung13 minutes Empty 13 minutes Empty14 minutes Mung 14 minutes Empty15 minutes