Three modes of communicationgesture, oral language, written languageGesture use of nonverbal communication communication (eye or hand movements) to expressOral Language Use of spoken language to communicate wants and needswritten languageForm of communication that utilizes an alphabetic system, most complicated, must be taught 5 Subcomponents of languagephonology, pragmatics, semantics, syntax, morphology phonologyrules associated with sound combinations within a languagepragmaticsfunction or use of language in appropriate matterssemantics childrens understanding and production of wordssyntaxrules governing word order and word classes (nouns,verbs,etc)morphologywords and inflections that attach to wordsnuturist theorychildren acquire language as a result of the direction interaction between with caregiversBF SkinnerBelieved children learn language through operant conditioning.VygotskyChildren acquire language through interaction with their caregiver TomaselloSocial interaction serves as a motivator for children to learn languagePiagetCognitive devlopment influences language developmentNaturist PerspectiveChildren are born with basic linguistic principles or capacities for learning languageChomskyLnaguage acquisition device(LAD) helps developmentGleitmanInnate knowledge of syntax aids developmentPinkerinnate conceptual knowledge aids development Schemaa concept, mental category, or cognitive structure AssimilationCognitive process whereby a person includes a new stimulus into an exisiting schema. "scan" your existing schema when you encounter new stimuliAccommodationDeveloping new schemata to allow for the organization of stimuli that do not fit into existing schemata Equilibrium Balance between accommodation and assimilation. lifelong processScaffolding segmenting tasks into smaller tasks, helping child build on what they already know MLUMean length utterance Receptive languageability to understand and comprehend language Expressive Language ability to produce or speak language Differences, Delays, DisordersDifferences Variations of a symbol system used by a group (reflect regional, social, cultural, ethnic differences)DelaysChild is developing receptive and expressive language skills in ORDER but just SLOWLYDisordersChild is producing unusual language forms, not seen in typically developing childrenDevelopmental, Acquired, Cngenital Impairmentslanguage impairmentsDevelopmentaLINo known biological or cognitive causeAcquired LIResult of or secondary to: injury or illness at birth...traumatic brain injury, tumor, neglectCongenital LIResult of a condition existing at or before birth....Syndrome (fetal alc, down) or hearing lossLanguage AssessmentCase history...birth development, medical history. Hearing evaluation and oral peripheral examination.Common Language Impaired PopulationsLate talkers, specific language impairment, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability down syndrome, at riskLate TalkersEarly delay in language in the absence of cognitive, motor, sensory, social, emotional disorders. Usually identified around age 2 Specific Language Impairment (SLI)Significant limitations in language functioning not attributed to disorders in hearing, oral structure and function, or general intelligence. SLI usually identified after RULING OUT other disorders.Autism Spectrum DisorderComplex developmental disorder that can cause problems with thinking, feeling, language, ability to relate. Neurological disorder affects the functioning of the brainAutism Spectrum Disorder (Cont'd)NOW there is only ONE diagnosis...individuals fall along a spectrum, continuum of severity Intellectual Disability (formerly mental retardation)Substantial limitations in present functioning, sub average intelligence. IQ of 68 or below....related limitations in two or more adaptive area (communication, self care, social skills, self direction, functional academics)Down Syndromeextra 21st chromosome, intellectual disability, flat facial profile, heart defects, eyehearing dental problemsAt Risk PopulationsBiological: prematurity, low birth weight, prenatal drugs alcohol. Environmental: neglect or abuse, poverty, multiple birthsCultureRelates to a persons belief and values...religion, age, gender, orientation, race, etcCultures effect on languageVocabulary, nonverbal cues gestures, phonology, morphology & syntax all vary culture to culture AccentCharacteristics of speech or variations in pronunciations of a given language. Accent be PART of a dialect DialectRule governed variant of a language. Everyone who speaks the language speaksa dialect Regional dialectnew england northeast, midwest,