URPN 201 Section 501 Spring 2018: Midterm ReviewPage 1Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban PlanningKyra Chandler 628000928Midterm Review1. Ancient Cities (Agricultural Revolution)a. What three factors led to the rise of this period? Increasing populations, security, good life (standard of living)b. What was the function of cities during this period? Political, religious, economic, and cultural centersc. Describe the social structure. division of labor, hierarchical power structure, productive surplus that allows tradingd. What were four location preferences of ancient cities? Proximity to water, proximity to farmland, proximity to trade routes, and defense featuree. What was the average size? Small- 10k-15k pplf. What are some other major features? Marked by discontinuity and change, higher quality of life than rural areas but very uncertaing. What are V. Gordon Childe’s 10 criteria for what makes a civilization? Size and density of the pop. above normal// differentiation of the population// pay taxes to deity or king// monumental public buildings// those not producing food supported by king// recording systems and science// writing system// symbolic art// trade and import of raw materials// specialist craftsmen from outside kin-grouph. What were common characteristics of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley? Near bodies of water, buildings, forms of writing, building materials, inventions2. City States and Empires (First Urban Revolution)a. What were some common characteristics? growth in number of cities, pop. 1k-million, governing institutions, improved standard of living, social inequality, threats of war and occupationb. What three systems were found in these early cities? Religious/politicalbelief systems, economic systems (slavery), military advancements (slingshot/gunpowder)c. What early infrastructure could be found? Water, sewage, road networks3. Middle/Dark Agesa. What caused the decline of cities during this period, and who was responsible? Empires too far flung to defend properly (territory taken over) b. What happened to city populations? Declined, some cities abandoned. c. What happened to city infrastructure? Cities come under control of barbarians, not wealthy enough to maintain civic infrastructured. What happened to trade routes and industry? Disrupted / curtailed bc unsafe, industry declinedURPN 201 Section 501 Spring 2018: Midterm ReviewPage 2Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planninge. What happened to technological innovation? Limited; pop declinef. What type of power system during this period? feudalg. Were these cities commonly walled or open? Walled, surrounded by moath. What is the dominant purpose of cities during this period? Religion, royalty and commercial elite control, wealth, and poweri. What are Renaissance Cities? Rebirth of culture in cities4. Second Urban Revolutiona. What happens to agriculture during this period? Commerce and capitalism supersede agricultureb. What happened to the feudal power system, and what replaced it? Broke down, Bourgeoisie classc. What three major technological innovations changed cities during this period? factory production, steam engine, steel/iron constructiond. What communication improvements did the period see? Telegraphone, telegraph, radioe. How did farm employment change during this period? decrease bc mechanization of agriculturef. How did industry change during this period? shift from cottage industryand manual labor to factory productiong. How did population densities change in cities during this period? cities grew vertically w high congestion and pop densitiesh. What two technologies allowed this change? Elevators and steel construction (taller buildings)i. What problems arose during this period? polluted air and water, slums, high poverty level, unsanitary conditionsj. Was this period seeing more deaths or births in cities? deathsk. Where to population growth come from? Immigration and rural-to-city migrationOther Information to Knowl. Know the difference between i. Walled and Open citiesii. Organic and Planned citiesm. Ordering of the timelineVideos that have been covered and may be on the exam:1. The City 2. Crash Course World History #1, 4, 7, 93. Filthy Cities: Medieval London4. Engineering an Empire: Ancient Greece5. Engineering an Empire: Ancient RomeURPN 201 Section 501 Spring 2018: Midterm ReviewPage 3Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban