Ancient Rome Notes 8/31/17- Boatwright, M.T. A Brief History of the Romans Art. Second Edition- Livy, From the Foundation of Rome- Aldrete, G.S. Daily Life in the Roman City- Vergil, The Aeneid translated by Stanley Leonardo- Three Midterm ExamsRoman Civilization- Physical Environs of Italy and Rome – Historical OverviewThe Mediterranean World- Geography and Environment of Italyo Mountains Alps Apennineso Seas Tyrrhenian Adriatico Rivers Tiber Po Arno Rubicono Plains Po Valley Latium Compania Etruria Magna Graeciao Resources Iron Timber Olive Vine Grain (especially Sicily)- Environs of Romeo Tiber River Had a small island in the river that made access to cross o Hills of Rome Protection Capitoline Palatine Aventine Quirinal Viminal Esquiline Caeliano Low-Lying Areas Campus Martius – “Field of Mars” Valley of Circus Maximus Forum Romanum “Rocket market” Forum Boarium “Cattle Market” Pomerium “Sacred Boundary”Overview of Roman History- Periods of Roman Historyo Early Iron Age 1000-753 BCEo Monarchy 753-509 BCEo Republic 509-31 BCEo Empire 31 BCE – 312 CE/AD- Early Iron Ageo Archeological Evidence Very Scanty – Continuous population of city Suggests habitation as early as 1000 BC Population increases c. 700 BCo Villanovan Cultureo Etruscan Cultureo Greeks in Sicily and South Italy o Literary Evidence Livy’s From the Foundation of Rome- Traditional founding of Rome 753 BC- Story first attested c. 200 BC- Reflects Roman beliefs about their origins- Aeneas, Trojan hero: establishes city in Italy- Romulus and Remus founders of Rome- Monarchyo Livy – Seven Kings of Romeo Important developments Drainage of the Forum Romanum Establishment of religious institutions, festivals, priesthoods, influenced by Etruscans Expansion of Roman power in Latium and Etruria- Republico Important Developments Construction of first road (Via Appia) and first aqueduct (Aqua Appia) City expansion extends to all seven hills and the area of the Forum Romanum and Forum Boarium expanded Territorial expansion- Late Republico Period of Civil Wars Growing power of Individuals- Julius Ceasar vs. Pompey the Greato Money, army, and political connectiono Leads to civil waro Julius Caesar assassinated- Octavian vs. Mark Anthony- Empireo Several ruling dynasties with good and bad emperors Julio-Claudian Dynasty-
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