HD 403 - Exam #3 Study Guide*Global Poverty (Week 9)Stress and Health Disparities (Week 10)Effects of Poverty on Family Relationships (Week 11)Poverty and the Education System (Weeks 12 + 13)HD 403 - Exam #3 Study Guide*Global Poverty (Week 9)● What are the Millenium Development Goals? -eradicate extreme poverty and hunger -reduce child mortality -improve maternal health -combat hiv/aids, malaria and other diseases-ensure environmental sustainability-develop a global partnership for development ● What are the Sustainable Development Goals? -No poverty; to end poverty in all its forms everywhere -Zero hunger; to end hunger, achieve food security and improve nutrition-Good health and well-being; ensure healthy lives, and promote well-being for all ages-Quality education; to provide inclusive and equal quality education for all and provide opportunity to everyone-Gender equality; achieve gender equality and to empower all women and girls -Clean water and sanitation; to ensure clean water and sanitization for all -Affordable and clean energy; -Decent work and economic growth;-Industry, innovation, and infrastructure;-Reduce inequality;-Sustainable cities and communities;-Responsible consumption and production;-Climate action;-Life under water;-Life on land;-Peace, justice, and strong institutions; and-Partnership for the goals.● How are they different/similar?MDG: want to reduce poverty and improve the lives of poor peopleSDG: want to end poverty and promote prosperity while protecting the planet● What is the scope of each goal/issue defined as SDGs? What progress has been made? What strategies have been/were implemented? What are the general trends toward achieving the SDGs? -Extreme poverty and child mortality rates continue to fall. -Electricity access in the poorest countries has begun to increase.- Globally, labor productivity has increased and unemployment is back to pre-financial crisis levels. ● How is extreme poverty defined? How does peace, job creation, and resilience matter in thefight for ending global poverty? Extreme Poverty: living on less than $2.00 a day, they have very little to live on When there is peace in a country there is more likely people will be able to retain their land, and such as jobs, the resilience if we don’t have the ability to be resilient we are going to be back intoa poverty situation● Critical challenges to overcome in “the last mile” to ending extreme poverty; to end poverty, where do we (collectively) need to focus? What issues need to be addressed (i.e., “how” to solve core development challenges)?-Only occurred in today rich countries-safety nets: organizations such as social security, snap, etc. -India and china have poverty-Africa: greatest place with poverty ● Eradicating extreme poverty; strategies for empowerment; challenges to eliminating global hunger; influence of technology, coherent policy, and the political economy-harnish leadership in order to change the dynamics of poverty,-the rights of women and children with education-It is intolerable that people are living with hunger when there is plenty to give -a stunted growth remains steady, but more and more families are not wealthy enough to purchase the food that they need.-Technology is important -political economy: when a crisi happens, people jump on board and provide the help needed butonce it is out of public the aid tends to drop ● What are the key take-aways from TedTalk by Ester Duflo? Bill Gates? What are the trends, issues, and barriers/challenges they discussed to ending poverty? -The fact that poverty has spread in places where poverty was not as big, and it will continue to spread especially in southern places-the government is not providing a basic education in the places with the most poverty -investing in the people, especially in health and education -New innovation, of everything of a country -EDUCATION is the main way to end poverty ● What is the current condition of social welfare programs in the developing world? How is itdifferent from today’s “rich” countries and why does the difference matter?-People are still suffering from poverty when there is plenty of resourcesStress and Health Disparities (Week 10)● What are the health impacts of poverty?-Health in childhood, in adolescence- consequence of multiple determinants in biological and behavioral context -● Social determinants of health; differences and examples of upstream and downstream factorsSocial: life expectancy is about 15 years difference for men and women, those in the higher economic level are living more Upstream: things that cannot be changed by individual behaviors, things like poverty poor education, access to healthcare, social services and housing Downstream: much more controlled at the individual level, such as stress, and harmful cooking behaviors ● What can public health professionals do about poverty and health disparities? - Spend time on the upstream determinants in order to help with the downstream● The “cliff of good health” analogy -an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure imagine someone is walking along and they walk off the cliff of good health, you would be relieved to find and ambulance waiting for you, but how about a net, but nets have holes and the net is likely to rip over time, we need to build a fence at top of cliff but if a lot of people are on edge of cliff even a strong fence won’t be enough so we must move all people and we do that by addressing the people such as unsafe housing, the environments in which we live -we need to realize the cliff is 3 dimensional and the resources are not evenly distributed -these are the difference that lead to health disparity -our economic system fails, and racism and because discrimination to people of color, women, etc hold back our nation’s health and well-being● Differences between acute stress and chronic stress; effects on healthAcute: stress that happens after something traumatic but ends after about a month Chronic: this is stress due to situations that seem to happen to you often and can tear you apart if you let it get to your headEffects: can cause long term health diseases and problems ● Levels (and examples) of stress reduction interventions -Check your phone for the examples Effects of Poverty on Family Relationships (Week 11)● Marriage & childbearing trends: family structure, race/ethnicity, education-level and age at first childbirth -Lots of change