CHAPTER 11—MEIOSIS: THE CELLULAR BASIS OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTIONMULTIPLE CHOICEWhy It Matters1. The advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction isa. sexual reproduction requires an interaction between two individuals.b. there is a mixing of genetic information into a new combination in the next generation.c. it ensures a greater number of progeny.d. it keeps the number of chromosomes constant more effectively.e. it allows for the production and use of gametes.ANS: BDIF: EasyOBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension2. ____ reproduction generates more ____ than does ____ reproduction.a. Asexual; genetic diversity; sexualb. Sexual; genetic stability; asexualc. Sexual; genetic diversity; asexuald. Asexual; haploid cells; sexuale. Sexual; identical offspring; asexualANS: CDIF: EasyOBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: KnowledgeThe Mechanisms of Meiosis3. A homologous chromosome pair is best described as two chromosomes havinga. the same genes in the same order but possibly having different alleles of those genes.b. the same alleles of the same genes in the same order.c. different genes in the same order and possibly having different alleles of some genes.d. different alleles of the same genes arranged in a different order.e. an identical DNA sequence.ANS: ADIF: ModerateOBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge4. If a normal diploid germ cell in a bird has eight chromosomes, thena. there are eight homologous pairs of chromosomes per diploid germ cell.b. there are eight chromatids per diploid germ cell after DNA replication.c. there are four chromosomes per cell after the first meiotic division and cytokinesis.d. sperm cells made from this diploid germ cell would have eight chromosomes.e. there are eight copies of each chromosome in this diploid germ cell.ANS: CDIF: ModerateOBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Application5. Homologous chromosomes undergo recombination duringa. prophase II.b. metaphase I.c. metaphase II.d. both prophase I and II.e. prophase I.ANS: EDIF: EasyOBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge6. Sister chromatids are best described as two chromosomes havinga. the same genes in the same order but possibly having different alleles of those genes.b. the same alleles of the same genes in a different order.c. different genes in the same order and possibly having different alleles of some genes.d. different alleles of the same genes arranged in a different order.e. an identical DNA sequence.ANS: EDIF: EasyOBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge7. This stage of meiosis is characterized by DNA condensation into compact chromosomes.a. prophase IIb. anaphase Ic. prophase Id. prometaphase Ie. metaphase IANS: CDIF: EasyOBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge8. Sex chromosomes are140 Chapter Elevena. completely different between the two sexes.b. partially homologous but also have unique regions.c. found only in males.d. unable to line up properly at the metaphase plate.e. completely homologous but always have different alleles.ANS: BDIF: EasyOBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge9. Recombination occursa. during prophase I and II and involves swapping of chromosome fragments between all 4 chromatids.b. only during prophase I and involves swapping of chromosome fragments between homologous chromatids.c. only during prophase I and involves swapping of chromosome fragments between sister chromatids.d. during prophase I and II and involves swapping of chromosome fragments between sister chromatids.e. during prophase I, prophase II, and prometaphase; it involves exchange of alleles between homologous chromosomes.ANS: BDIF: ModerateOBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge10. Nondisjunction in Meiosis I results ina. a failure of spindle fibers to separate a homologous pair of chromosomes.b. a change in the status of a daughter cell from diploid to haploid.c. a change in the status of a daughter cell from haploid to diploid.d. one pole of the cell receiving neither member of a homologous pair of chromosomes.e. a gamete that cannot fuse with another gamete.ANS: DDIF: ModerateOBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge11. Meiosis results in the generation ofa. four haploid cells.b. two diploid cells.c. two diploid cells and two haploid cells.d. four diploid cells.e. one haploid and three diploid cells.ANS: ADIF: EasyOBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 12. Which of the following statements is TRUE about chromosomes?a. Chromosomes are always spread out as chromatin.b. Chromosomes are always condensed.c. Homologous chromosomes have the same geneson them but can have different alleles.d. Homologous chromosomes have the same geneson them and always have the same alleles of those genes.e. Chromosomes always consist of two sister chromatids.ANS: CDIF: ModerateOBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis 13. Homologous pairs of chromosomesa. consist of two chromosomes with the same genes.b. consist of two chromosomes with the same alleles.c. consist of two chromosomes that came from the same parent.d. are found in sperm and eggs.e. are found in haploid cells.ANS: ADIF: ModerateOBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis 14. In meiosis, sister chromatids separatea. before DNA replication.b. before crossing over.c. during Anaphase I.d. during Anaphase II.e. never; sister chromatids do not separate in meiosis.ANS: DDIF: ModerateOBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 15. In a frog in which the diploid number of chromosomes per cell is 24, what is the total number of chromatids present during Prophase I? a. 0b. 6c. 12d. 24e. 48ANS: EDIF: Moderate141 Chapter ElevenOBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Application16. In a frog in which the diploid number of chromosomes per cell is 24, what is the total number of chromatids present per cell in Prophase II after the first division and cytokinesis?a. 0b. 6c. 12d. 24e. 48ANS: DDIF: ModerateOBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: ApplicationInsights from the Molecular Revolution17. Whether a germ cell develops into eggs or sperm is determined bya. the presence of the X chromosome.b. the presence of the Y chromosome.c. the time at which meiosis begins during development.d. the genetic sex of the individual.e. whether or not meiosis and mitosis can occur.ANS: CDIF: ModerateOBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge18. Koopman’s research on mouse meiosis showed thata. there is a meiosis promoting gene.b. a meiosis inhibiting gene leads to retinoic acid production.c. retinoic acid prevents meiosis.d. the Cyp26b1 gene is expressed in testes but not ovaries.e. there is no effect if male mice do not have a Cyp25b1 gene.ANS: DDIF: difficultOBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: SynthesisMechansims that Generate Genetic
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