MUSIC 125 MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS Q1: What techniques did Hip Hop introduce to the POP mainstream? Hip Hop introduced the use of sampling, taking a sound or piece of music form one song, and using it to make another. Q2: Why do humans make music? Humans make music to express emotions, while also bringing people together. Q3: How does baroque opera tell a story? Baroque opera tells a story through the use of excellent singers conveying emotions, in the same manner as a play, but with singing. Q4: How does baroque opera convey emotions? Baroque opera conveys emotions by the singers emphasis in their words. Storytelling and good singing brings out emotions. Q5: What was Bach’s worldview, and how can we tell? Bach was a Lutheran, and believed his job was to honor God with well-composed music. We can tell by the finding of his bible, where he made notes in the margin relating to music. Q6: How does Bach unite his work? Bach unites his work using ritornello in most of his movements, chorale melody, and all movements are in the vernacular(German). Q7: Where is improvisation allowed in a Classical concerto? Improvisation occurs during the cadenza in a classical concerto, which comes from the da capo aria in which a singer would show off on stage. Q8: How did the concerto help to generate income for composers in the Classical period? Mozart taught wealthy students and often wrote concertos to be performed either by them or by himself. Composing and performing concertos also provided income. Q9: Which label better suits Mozart’s Don Giovanni: seria or buffa? Why? Don Giovanni is opera buffa, since it doesn't deal with kings, queens, and royalty. Q10: What performance considerations did Mozart entertain when writing the vocal parts of Don Giovanni? Mozart was a practical business man when it came to composition, and knew what musicians were capable of. He would also write for his audience TERMS Dissonance - Tension, needing resolution Consonance - Resolution, stability Melismatic - Many notes for one syllable of text Syllabic - One note for one syllable of text Neumatic - A mix between melismatic and syllabic, could be one note, could be manyPolyphony - Multiple melodies being performed at the same time by different instruments/voices Homophony - One melody dominates the others, while the others play one note or chord to accompany it Timbre - Property of sound that gives voices and instruments their unique tone color SATB - Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass (vocal ranges, highest to lowest) Aerophone - instruments that are played through the use of air. (flute) Chordophone - Instruments that make sound by vibrating strings (guitar) Membranophone - Instruments that make sound by vibrating stretched membrane (bongo) Idiophone - Instruments that make sound by vibrating the instrument itself (steel drum) Genre - Any form/ type of music, classified into one type Sacred music - Music that is composed for religious purposes MUSICIANS Mozart Mozart’s operas paved the way for newer composers to create beautiful shows Bach Bach made amazing pieces in german, while also teaching a young Mozart. Hildegard of Bingen Created the first documented morality musical Monteverdi Credited for leading the transition from the renaissance to the baroque period Philipp Nicolai He was the author of two famous hymns, considered the king and queen of chorales FOCUS WORK FACTS LECTURE 1 1. Bone flute is the oldest known instrument 2. Bone flute is thought to be 35,000 years old 3. Earliest written notation is from 800 AD 4. First printed music is recorded in 1473 5. Music causes a release of dopamine in the brain LECTURE 2