4 regions where ¾ work industrial production in concentrated? eastern NA, north western Europe, east Asia, eastern Europe Industrial Revolution? United Kingdom, late 1700 cottage industry? home based manufacturing main source of power for steam engine? coal first industry to increase production through use of steam engine? iron industrial region in Europe proximity as most significant asset? Mid-Rhine bulk reducing industries? inputs weigh more than final products ex. copper and steel situation costs? costs of transportation, want cheapest ones to minimize transportation costs most important factor for choosing location for automobile? proximity to market modes of transportation used in industry? Truck- short distance, quick Trains- longer, coast to coast, don’t stop Ships- very long distance, oceans Air- most expensive, speed, small bulk, high value break-of-bulk points? location where change of transportation takes place; steel mill- seaport, ship to train site factors? land, labor, capital most important location factor for Al manufacturers? land- environmental factors require large amount of energy, near dams to take advantage of energy industries most dependent on low-cost labor? textiles US Gulf Coast become important industrial area? oil and natural gas made there industrial areas outside NA and Europe become important? closer and more natural resources 1980/90’s which country most rapid decline in steel? US western european country had most rapid manufacturing growth? northeastern Spain Italian Po river basin good industry? oldest/most important, ⅔ country industry, cheaper labor, energy can be used from the river for production/manufacturing main industrial areas in world? Europe, NA, east Asia characteristics of Post-Fordist production? lean and flexible production approach; teams, problem solving, leveling outsourcing? turning over responsibility for production to individual suppliers; parts made cheaper and better mining region most varied mineral deposits? ural mountains Asian companies more successful in US than US companies in Asia? Asian business executives know more about US culture two location factors that encourage industries to remain in northeastern US and northwestern Europe? skilled labor and rapid delivery to market largest labor force employed in manufacturing? China break-of-bulk point: a location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another bulk-gaining industry: an industry in which the final product weighs more or compromises a greater volume than the inputs bulk-reducing industry: an industry in which the final product weighs less or compromises a lower volume than the inputs cottage industry: manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory Fordist production: form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly Industrial Revolution: a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods labor-intensive industry- an industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses maquiladora- factories built by US companies in Mexico near the US border new international division of labor- transfer of some jobs from more developed to less developed countries outsourcing: a decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers post-fordist production: adoption by companies of flexible work rules right-to-work state: a US state that has passed a law preventing a union and company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment site factors: location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside the plant situation factors: location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory textile: a fabric made by weaving, used in making
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