Module 37Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)Describe the genome and virion structure of HIVenveloped virus, single stranded + rna but uses reverse transciptease to make dna out of rna, then integrates that dna into host cell genomeIdentify the cells it infectst cells and macrophagesOutline the steps in replicationviral gp 120 on surface of virion binds to cd4-surface protein of t cells (helper T cells) and macrophages, virus fuses to cell membrane and then makes the copy DNA from RNA, makes second strand which is integrated into the genomeDefine “latent infection” and explain how HIV becomes latentSilent, viral dna hiding in genome, can last for months to years to lifetime, can become reactivated.Summarize the symptoms of AIDSFirst swollen lymph nodes then aids-pneumocystis-causes pneumonia, no immune systemBriefly discuss the political and social ramifications of the AIDS pandemicOccurs the most in south Africa but first cases were mainly in gay men and it was called grid, association has impeded progression against aidsHepatitis B VirusDescribe virion and genome - enveloped double strand dna but also carries portion of single strand rna and carries own polymerases, small- replicates in the nucleus and has rna intermediate-uses reverse transcriptase- sheds particles without core or genomeList routes of transmission- blood borne or mucous membranes- iv drug use- sexual transmission- from mother to newborn at birthSummarize the disease and symptomsInfects the liver, may lead to cirrhosis of liver and liver caDiscuss how HBV causes jaundiceYellowing of skin or eyes, hbv destroys the liver which decreased bilirubin metabolism which causes buildup which causes yellowing of skin or eyesDefine “parenteral” Means outside the gutDescribe the effect of the vaccine on prevalence Decreased prevalence in the region the vaccine is
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