Module 22Explain how halophilic Archaea maintain water balance while living in high salt conditions Halophilic Archaea maintain water balance while living in high salt conditions by synthesizing or accumulating internal solutes that equalize the water activity between the inside and outside ofthe cell.How do some Archaea generate ATP energy from light; what are bacteriorhodopsin and retinal Some Archaea generate ATP energy from light by retinal. Bacteriorhodopsin proteins- archaeaRetinal- attached to the bacteriorhodispinWhat are methanogens and understand what the methanogenesis pathway does Methanogens contain pathways that involve enzymes and cofactors that are not found anywhere else in natureReview the different ether lipids of Archaea; what are the major types of lipids The major types of lipids of Archaea are phytanyl lipids which is the membrane that contains the bilayer, and monolayers which are biphytanyl lipsHow some members of the Archaea important for the global nitrogen cycle; what adaptation is important for its survival Some members of the Archaea are important in the global nitrogen cycle are thaumarchaeota. The adaptation that is important for survival is very low nutrient levels found in open oceans and deep ocean habitats.How does Nanoarchaeum live; what does it derive from its host Nanoarchaeum live on the surface of host cells. It derives from its host for nutrients.What habitats is Sulfolobus found in; be able to state in general terms how it gets its energy Sulfolobus habitats are found in hot, acidic terrestrial sulfur springs. Respirations: oxidation of sulfur or H2S or iron coupled to reduction of oxygen to water.What the challenges to organisms living at high temperatures The challenges to organism living at high temperatures are stability of small molecules such as ATP is reduced, proteins and enzymes unfold at higher temperatures, DNA and RNA can denature and degrade.Describe the adaptations of proteins and DNA so they can function in high temperature habitatsThe adaptations of proteins and DNA so they can function in high temperature habitats by hydrophobic cores, ionic bonds create strong contact between different parts of the polypeptidechain, proteins folding into a stable conformation is facilitated by chaperonins, which are proteins that assist correct folding of
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