Self%assessment%Lecture%38:%Translation%!1. Please!compare!and!contrast!translation!in!prokaryotes!and!eukaryotes:!a. Similarities:!both!use!ribosomes,!the!universal!code!and!tRNAs!b. Differences:!!i. Prokaryotes!1. Transcription!occurs!at!the!same!time,!same!place!as!transcription!2. The!initiator!methionine!is!formylated!3. Message!is!generally!polycistronic,!having!multiple!coding!regions!4. Initiation!relies!on!recognition!of!purineGrich!ShineGDelgarno!Sequence!by!16s!rRNA!ii. Eukaryotes!1. Circular!mRNA!is!recognized!by!both!the!5’cap!and!3’!polyGA!tail!!2. Ribosome!binds!at!the!cap!and!scans!for!the!first!AUG!codon!!2. In!translation,!the!template!is!read__{3’%5’/5’73’}___and!the!amino!acids!are!added!!!!!!!!{N7terminus%to%C7terminus/C%terminus22to2N%terminus}!!3. What!specifies!which!amino!acid!is!added!to!the!peptide!chain?!Is!it!the!anticodon!or!the!amino2acid2which2is2bound2to2the2tRNA!that!is!recognized!as!correct?__________________!!4. Please!write!the!two!reactions!that!result!in!the!charging!of!a!tRNA!to!form!an!aminoacylGtRNA.____!a. Amino!acid!+!ATP!D!AminoacylGAMP+!PPi!b. AminoacylGAMP!+!tRNA!D!Amino!AcylGtRNA!+!AMP!!!5. The!reactions!in!Q4!are!catalyzed!by!_________aminoacyl!tRNA!synthetase_______!!!6. Initiation!factors!IF1,!IF3!are!found!in!{prokaryotes2/eukaryotes}!and!serve!what!purpose____________Bind!to!30!s!ribosome!and!prevent!50!s!from!binding___!! !7. IF2!serves!what!purpose!and!used!what!energy!source?!_brings!formylated!intiator!methionine!to!30S!!8. For!what!process!is!the!energy!used?__to!transfer!the!methionine!to!the!30S!!!9. What!purpose!does!EFGTu!serve___brings!the!rest!of!the!aminoacyl!tRNAs!to!the!ribosome.!!!10. What!does!the!I!in!IF1,!2,!3!and!the!E!in!EFGTu!stand!for?!Self%assessment%Lecture%38:%Translation%!a. I______________Initiation______________________________________!b. E______________Elongation______________________________________!11. What!type!of!enzyme!is!EF!–!Ts?_________Guanylate!exchange!factor___(GEF)_____!!12. What!purpose!does!EFGG!serve?__this!translocase!binds!and!through!hydrolysis!of!GTP,!!moves!the!mRNA!down!by!3!NTs!!13. Please!state!the!function!of!release!factors.!These!allow!release!of!the!nascent!peptide!from!the!ribosome.!!!14.
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