Important concepts to know – Module 3The concepts listed below are the most important ones for you to understand in this week. You can use this list to help you with notetaking while you watch the videos. Unit 5 – The auditory system What Is Sound? Sound as stimuluso Sound stimuluso Sound waveso Medium of Sound  The Relation of Physical and Perceptual Attributes of Soundo Pure toneso Amplitudeo Loudnesso Loud sounds can be dangerous Frequency or Wavelength of Soundo What is frequency of sound?o What is Pitch?o What Unit is used to measure sound amplitude?o What is the hearing range of humans? How does it change with age? Anatomy of the Ear o Outer Ear Pinna External auditory canal Tympanic membrane (eardrum)o The Middle Ear Ossicles Malleus (Hammer) Incus (Anvil) Stapes (Stirrup) Eustachian tube Tensor tympani Stapediuso Inner Ear Functions of inner ear  Cochlea- Tympanic canal- Middle canal - Vestibular canal- Reissner's membrane- Basilar membrane- Tectorial membrane The Organ of Corti- Hair cells o Stereociliao Inner hair cellso Outer hair cellso Actions of hair cells How Is Amplitude Coded?o Small amplitude soundso Large amplitude sounds How and Where Is Frequency Coded? Place code theory  The Basilar Membrane of the Cochleao Characteristic frequency Frequency and Displacement along the Basilar Membrane Temporal code theory Tuning Curve for an Auditory Nerve Fiber Brain Anatomy and the Pathway of Hearing  Functions of cochlear nucleus, trapezoid body, and superior olive Inferior colliculus Medial geniculate nucleus The Auditory Pathway o Auditory Cortex Primary auditory cortex Tonotopic organization other areas involved in auditory processing What and Where pathways of hearing  Hearing Loss, Hearing Aids, and Cochlear Implants Conductive hearing losso Otosclerosis Sensorineural hearing loss  Tinnitus  Hearing Aidso Cochlear