Important concepts to know – Module 5The concepts listed below are the most important ones for you to understand in this module. You can use this list to help you with notetaking while you watch the videos. Unit 8 - The Visual System: The Eye Definition of light: Wavelength; Intensity; Frequency Properties of light: Scattered/diffracted; absorbed; reflected; transmitted; refracted Human field of view Anatomy of the eye (different structures) Pupillary reflex Accommodation Near point and presbyopia Retina: o What is the fovea and where is it on the retina?o Optic disc Photoreceptors: cones; rods Horizontal cells Bipolar cells: Midget; Diffuse; Amacrine cells Ganglion cell: P; M. Transduction of light: photopigment; Opsin; Classes of receptors Duplex Theory of Vision: Photopic vision; Scotopic vision Convergence and Acuity Dark and Light Adaptation Retinal Ganglion Cells: o Receptive fieldo On-center ganglion cell; Off-center ganglion cello Lateral inhibition Diseases of the eye:o Myopiao Hyperopiao Astigmatismo Cataracto Macular degenerationo Retinitis pigmentosa Vision ProsthesesUnit 9 - The Visual System: The Brain Work by Torsten Wiesel and David Hubel Structures along the visual pathway:o Optic nerveo Optic chiasmo Optic tracto LGN (learn the 8 properties)o Optic radiationo Superior Culliculi: Function; Saccades; Smooth-pursuit eye movementso Visual cortex: Layers; Retinotopic map; Cortical magnification; Visual crowding Bar Detector Simple cells: orientation tuning curve Complex cells and End-stopped cells Organization of V1: Hypercolumn V2 Funtional pathways: o Ventral (“what”, parvo) pathwayo Dorsal ("where", magno) pathwayo Experiment on monkeyso Where does vision come together?  Development of the visual system:o The Kitten Carousel Experiment o Critical Period: what is it? Cataract; Strabism Visual acuity and spatial frequency Development of spatial frequency in children Selective adaptation: what is it? o Tilt aftereffecto Color aftereffecto Spatial frequency aftereffect