1 MCDB 111 Final (90 points) Name___________Key____________________________ 9/14/2017 Perm___________________________________________ Answer questions 1-17 on your Scantron form. Each correct answer is worth 2 points. 1. Which of the following actions are carried out by cholecystokinin? a. Promotes H+ secretion from parietal cells of the stomach and stimulates stomach muscle contractions b. Promotes pepsinogen secretion by chief cells of the stomach c. Inhibits H+ secretion from parietal cells of the stomach and inhibits stomach muscle contractions d Inhibits bicarbonate release in the small intestine e. All of the above 2. Drinking a large volume of water will a. decrease ADH and aldosterone b. increase ADH and aldosterone c. increase ADH, decrease aldosterone d. decrease ADH, increase aldosterone e. decrease ADH, no change in aldosterone 3. Nitric oxide is produced by endothelial cells and binds to receptors on adjacent vascular smooth muscle cells. Which of the following terms describes this mode of action? a. Endocrine b. Exocrine c. Paracrine d. Neuroendocrine e. Autocrine 4. The figure to the right shows an SA node cell action potential. At point 1 a. there is a net movement of Na+ into the cell b. there is a net movment of Na+is out of the cell c. there is a net movement of K+ into the cell d. there is a net movement of Ca2+out of the cell e. there is a net movement of Ca2+ into the cell 5. Which of these is a response of the body to epinephrine? a. increased insulin secretion b. increased glucagon secretion c. increased gluconeogenesis d. broncoconstriction e. a and d 6. An increase in the force of heart contraction enables the heart to pump more blood. The resulting increase in venous return results in a greater extension of ventricular muscle fibers, generating more cross-bridges and enabling the heart to contract even more strongly. This is a classic example of a. positive feedback b. negative feedback c. feed-forward regulation d. feed-backward regulation e. an unregulated cardiovascular response 2 7. An electrocardiogram/ECG of a person with late state congestive heart failure associated with left ventricular hypertrophy would likely show the following abnormality: a. An absent P wave b. A P wave with an increased height (increased voltage difference) c. A QRS complex with a reduced height (decreased voltage difference) d. A T wave with a prolonged duration e. A T wave with a reduced height (decreased voltage difference) 8. Which of the following parameters is not altered by vigorous exercise? a. Minute ventilation b. Arterial PO2 c. Arterial PCO2 d. Arterial [H+] e. None of the above are altered by exercise 9. Which is true of the partial pressure of CO2? a. It is inversely proportional to its concentration in air b. CO2 will diffuse from a region of lower to higher partial pressure c. In pulmonary veins the partial pressure of CO2 is greater than the partial pressure of O2 d. In systemic arteries the partial pressure of CO2 is less than the partial pressure of O2 e. All of the above are true 10. If urine is formed at a rate of 2 ml/min, plasma inulin is 30 mg/ml, urine inulin is 0.5 mg/ml, clearance =? a. 120 ml/min b. 14.8 mg/min c. 0.03 ml/min d. 30 mg/min e. 0.08 min/ml 11. Which of the following is true of GLUT2 transporters? a. They are present in the plasma membranes of liver cells b. They are present in the plasma membranes of brain cells c. They are present in the plasma membranes of -islet cells of the pancreas d. Their presence is regulated by insulin e. a and c 12. Which of these proposed drugs would in theory be most effective in treating/preventing obesity? a. A drug that promotes release of glucagon b. A drug that blocks the binding of epinephrine to 3 adrenergic receptors in adipose tissue c. A drug that blocks the binding of leptin to its receptors d. A drug that mimics the action of ghrelin e. A synthetic endocannabiinoid 13. Which of the following describes liver metabolism following a 1 day fast? a. There is a temporary loss of some protein due to the breakdown of amino acids to -ketoacids b. Triglycerides are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol c. Glucose is converted to glycogen d. Fatty acids are converted to -ketoacids e. Fatty acids are used to synthesize glucose3 Questions 14-17: Match the letters associated with the terms next to the numbered descriptions. Letters may be used more than once but only one term will match each statement. a. arteries b. arterioles c. capillaries d. veins e. venules c 14. these vessels lack smooth muscle. d 15. these vessels have one-way valves. d 16. the lowest pressure in the vascular system is found here. b 17. these vessels determine relative amount of blood flow to the various organs. 18. (5 points) Which step in the process enabling solute transport between the interstitial fluid and the cytoplasm of cells is regulated by both aldosterone and insulin? The fusion of vesicles containing transport proteins/transporters with the plasma membrane i.e. both mechanisms alter membrane permeability 19. (5 points) If the systolic pressure is 160 mm Hg and the diastolic is 100 mm Hg, what is the MAP? Show calculations. MAP = DP +1/3(PP) where PP = SP-DP. So MAP = 100 + 1/3(160-100) = 120 mm Hg 2 points for formula, 2 points for correct answer, 1 point for units 20. (4 points) Explain why exogenous insulin is generally more effective in regulating blood glucose when administered to a person who has type 1 as opposed to someone who has type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes is due to a lack of insulin while type 2 is associated with resistance to insulin 21. (4 points) Reactive hyperemia is a response of arterioles to a complete block in arteriolar blood flow or hemorrhage. Explain why this is an example of feed-forward regulation. Explain. When there is a sudden decrease in blood flow indicating either hemorrhage or blockage this will result in a counterintuitive response: maximal dilation of arterioles/relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle. This occurs in anticipation of the return of blood to the affected region, enabling a quicker restoration of normal blood flow.4 22. (4 points) The total cross sectional area of the systemic capillary network is 3X greater than that of the systemic arteries while the average flow rate through arteries is 3X faster than through capillaries. What is the relationship between