Points Awarded 88.00Points Missed 12.00Percentage 88.0%1.Which of the following are the terrestrial planets?A) Mercury, Venus, Earth, MarsB) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, PlutoC) Earth, Mars, Jupiter, SaturnD) Earth onlyE) Mercury, Earth, Uranus, NeptunePoints Earned: 2.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): A2.Why do the orbits of the planets all lie in nearly the same plane?A) The early solar nebula flattened into a disk.B) This happened purely by chance.C) The angular momentum of the solar system was kept to a minimum this way.D) Collisions between planetesimals destroyed all planets that would have been elsewhere.E) The Sun's gravity forced them into these orbits.Points Earned: 2.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): A3.Which is smallest?A) EarthB) MercuryC) Jupiter's moon GanymedeD) Jupiter's moon IoE) Saturn's moon TitanPoints Earned: 0.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): D4.Volcanoes on Venus:A) are much less active than volcanoes on Earth and MarsB) do not produce lava like volcanoes on Earth doC) are not common, with only two apparent on its whole surfaceD) produce very large lava flows that cover at least 85% of the planet's surfaceE) were never important in the planet's geological historyPoints Earned: 2.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): D5.The Sun is at one focus of the elliptical orbit of the Earth around the Sun. What is at the other focus?A) Nothing.B) Jupiter.C) The Earth.D) The Moon.E) Mars.Points Earned: 2.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): A6.What object is this?A) Saturn's moon TitanB) the dwarf planet PlutoC) the planet NeptuneD) the planet UranusE) the planet JupiterPoints Earned: 0.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): D7.Mercury has a mass that is 1/20th the mass of the Earth and a radiusthat is 1/3 the radius of Earth. Compare the force of gravity onMercury's surface to that on the surface of Earth using the proportionalrelationship F is proportional to M/R2.A) Gravity on Mercury is 30 times stronger than on Earth.B) Gravity on Mercury is 3/20th as strong as on Earth.C) Gravity on Mercury is 9/20ths as strong as on Earth.D) Gravity on Mercury is equal to gravity on Earth.E) Gravity on Mercury is 3 times stronger than on Earth.Points Earned: 0.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): C8.To a space probe near the surface of Mercury, how would the sky appear?A) black during the day and blue at nightB) pink during the day and black at nightC) blue during the day and black at night, like EarthD) blue all the time since Mercury is so close to the SunE) black, both during the day and at nightPoints Earned: 2.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): E9.Which constellation is this?A) Orion, the HunterB) Gemini, the TwinsC) Virgo, the MaidenD) Taurus, the BullE) Leo, the LionPoints Earned: 2.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): C10.How is Pluto now classified by astronomers?A) as a planetB) as a dwarf planetC) as a starD) as a cometE) as an asteroidPoints Earned: 2.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): B11.How long ago did the Sun and the Solar System form?A) 100,000 years ago.B) 100 million years = 0.1 billion years ago.C) 300 billion years ago.D) 4500 million years = 4.5 billion years ago.E) 500 billion years ago.Points Earned: 2.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): D12.Which planet is never visible with the naked eye in the nighttime sky?A) VenusB) UranusC) NeptuneD) JupiterE) MarsPoints Earned: 2.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): C13.Which of the following are characteristics of dense atmospheres?A) Atmospheres absorb and scatter light.B) Atmospheres make planetary surfaces warmer than they would be otherwise.C) Atmospheres distribute heat around a planet.D) All of the above.E) None of the above.Points Earned: 2.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): D14.How does Pluto's mass compare with that of Earth's Moon?A) The Moon is roughly 7 times more massive than Pluto.B) They both have the same mass.C) Pluto's mass is roughly 1/20th the mass of the Moon.D) The Moon's mass is roughly 1/20th the mass of Pluto.E) Pluto is roughly 7 times more massive that the Moon.Points Earned: 2.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): A15.Meteors areA) a group of rocky objects between the orbits of Jupiter and SaturnB) comets that escape the Solar System without being vaporized by the SunC) a group of rocky objects between the orbits of Mars and JupiterD) comets that are vaporized when they pass very close to the SunE) asteroids or comet debris that passes into Earth's atmosphere and burns upPoints Earned: 2.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): E16.Mercury is visible to us:A) only during the several hours around midnight.B) only during its new phase.C) only very briefly near sunrise or sunset.D) only in the winter.E) only in the summer.Points Earned: 2.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): C17.A planet is in orbit around the Sun.The semimajor axis of the orbit is3 Astronomical Units (AU). Use P2 = a3 to calculatethe period of the orbit in years.A) 0.2 yearsB) 125 yearsC) 5.2 yearsD) 135 yearsE) 27 yearsPoints Earned: 2.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): C18.Which planet is very hot because of an extreme greenhouse effect?A) JupiterB) EarthC) MarsD) MercuryE) VenusPoints Earned: 2.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): E19.Based on current evidence and understanding, what is the composition at the center of Neptune and in fact at the center of all the giant planets in the outer Solar System?A) there is no core; Neptune just has an atmosphereB) liquid core made of hydrochloric acidC) methane gas mixed with waterD) swiss cheeseE) a solid, rocky corePoints Earned: 2.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): E20.Why are Uranus's rings darker in color (gray) than Saturn's or Jupiter's?A) they have a lot of carbon/soot-like material in them.B) there is more sunlight incident on Uranus's rings because of its greater distance from the Sun.C) they are blocking more light from the stars behind them.D) they do not have as much nuclear activity in them, so they do not produce as much light.E) there is less sunlight incident on Uranus's rings because of its smaller distance from the Sun.Points Earned: 2.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): A21.The escape velocity needed for an atom in the atmosphere of a planet to escape the gravitational pull of the planet is larger if:A) the planet is farther from the SunB) the mass of the planet is largerC) the radius of the planet is largerD) the mass of the atom is smallerE) the temperature of the gas in the atmosphere is higherPoints Earned: 2.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): B22.Which constellation is this?A) Taurus, the BullB) Gemini, the TwinsC) Virgo, the MaidenD) Leo, the LionE) Orion, the HunterPoints Earned: 2.0/2.0Correct Answer(s): D23.In the night sky, we are able to see some planets with the unaided eye because:A) They