Negative – IPSPPositive – EPSPEPSP = NA+ entering the cell-Drives membrane potential up (more +)IPSP = K+ leaving the cell-Drives membrane potential down (more -)Ligand-gated: soma and dendritesVoltage-gated: Axon and axon terminal ------------------Relative vs Absolute Refractory periodWhich happens first? Absolute refractory periodOpen, inactive, closePossible to trigger a potential in relative refractory, but needs a strong charge. Not possible to trigger a potential in absolute refractory---------------------------PMC anterior to central sulcusParkinsons, dopaminergic disease, dopamine cannot cross BBB, l-dopa canPyramidal tract-homunculusBasal ganglia-dopaminergic neurons degenerate -------------------------Ascending pain pathways- Pain receptors in skin, spinal cord, medulla, spinothalamic tract, brainTransduction of sound into neural signals- Depolarize when potassium enters cell.- No action potential; just depolarization; no voltage-gated channelsVolley theory -number of action potentials equals the frequency of the sound and the interval between them equals Stereocilia is what is damaged by loud soundsTonotopic map - Combined in inferior colliculusMultiple Trace Hypothesis - Different temporal stages of memorySPINAL CORD SHITSensory = dorsalVentral = motorLabeled line- Different receptors for different stimulusAdaptation*Receptive fieldSpace on body that excites or inhibits a sensory neuronAgonist and AntagonistsRemoving NT from Cleft:Enzymes, Reuptake, DiffusionIonotropic vs MetabotropicIonotropic: ligand-gated, fastMetabotropic: protein coupled, slowerElectrical synapse- Fast- Not as common- Tight junctionAutonomic Parasympathetic blah blah review itPETGlucose (not good at structure)CAT (good at structure)MRI fMRI Oxygen (temporal resolution sucks, structural resolutions is bangin)ERP good surface, bad at deep structures Localization- Superior Olive - Two cues- Medial = time difference- Lateral = intensityWhite matter axonsGrey matter is cell
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