Final Exam ReviewChapter 11-16 (Not 12)Chapter 11—- Discrete Emotion Theoryo Emotions are universal- James-Lange Theoryo Physiological  Emotional (Physiology causes emotion)o Criticism = People have same physiological response to very different emotions- Cannon-Bard Theoryo Physiological + Emotional (same time)- Schacter-Singer Two-Factor Theory- Duchenne smile vs. fake smile- Lie detection methods o High false positive; relies only on physiology- Non-verbal behaviors o Proxemics, Illustrators, Emblems, Manipulators- Happinesso Hedonic treadmill (Happiness as a trait)o Affective forecasting (People are bad at predicting the impact of events on mood)o Broaden and Build Theory (Positive emotions allow you to be open to new opportunities)o Positivity effect (Positivity with age)o Mere Exposure effect (Exposure increases positivity)- Arousalo Yerkes-Dodson Law- Incentive Theorieso Intrinsic vs. extrinsico Contrast effects- Drive reductionso MaslowChapter 13—- Conformity- Deindividuation o Zimbardo- Group Think - Obedience- Presence of others help us and hurts us- Bystander non-intervention effecto Diffusion of responsibility, Pluralistic ignorance- Routes to persuasiono Peripheral and Central- Cognitive Dissonance (change attitude OR behavior)- Attitudes don’t always predict behaviors- Stereotypes (can be + or -) vs. Prejudice vs. Discrimination- In-Group vs. Out-Group homogeneity- Just World Hypothesis (The world is fair)- Scapegoat Hypothesis (Blame Our-Group for your misfortunes)- Fundamental Attribution Error (Overestimate differences when explaining others’ behaviors)DON’T STUDY- Theories of social behavior- Hysteria/urban legends/cults- Altruism- Attitudes vs. BeliefsChapter 14—- Theories of Personalityo Psychoanalytic Defense Mechanismso Behaviorismo Social Learningo Humanisto Trait (Big 5) Openness Conscientiousness Extroversion Agreeableness Neuroticism- Measures of Personalityo Objective (Just ask)o Projective (TAT or Rorschach)o PT Barnum Effect!DON’T STUDY- Specific complexes- Nomothetic vs. idiographic- Characteristic Adaptations- Flexibility of traits- Lexical, empirical and factor blah blahChapter 15—- Criteria for “abnormal”o Statistically rareo Subjective distresso Impairmento Societal Disapprovalo Biological dysfunction- Etiology of disorderso Bio-psycho-socialo Diathesis-stress model- Diagnosingo DSM Include culturally specific disorderso Comorbidity makes it hard to diagnoseo Culture matters- ANXIETY Disorderso GADo Panic Disordero Phobiaso OCDo PTSD- Mood Disorderso MDDo Bipolar Disorder- Personality Disorderso Borderline personality (instability, impulsivity)o Anti-Social Personality - Schizophrenia—Disturbed thoughts and perceptionso Delusionso Hallucinationso Disorganized Speech- Dissociative Disorderso Depersonalizationo Dissociative Amnesiao Dissociative Fugueo DID (multiple alters/personalities Therapy may reinforce this phenomenon (socio-cognitive explanation)DON’T STUDY—- ADHD- Autism- Development of disorders in children- History of Mental Illness- Misconceptions of suicide- Specific criticisms of DSMChapter 16—- Psychodynamico Free associationso Psychologist must manage client resistance (refusal to cooperate) and recognize transference (projecting therapists; positive step)- Humanistico Gestalt Two chair technique Non-verbal ques o Person-centered (Unconditional Positive Regard)- Behavioral- Cognitive-Behavioralo Rational Emotive Behavior Therapyo Flooding vs. desensitization- Evaluating effectivenesso Dodo-bird verdicto Placeboo Spontaneous remissiono Women and Caucasians most likely to seek treatmentsDON’T STUDY- Group Therapy- Family Therapy- Modeling Therapy-