DOC PREVIEW
UIUC PSYC 336 - Daily Diary Reports of Social Connection, Objective Sleep, and the Cortisol Awakening Response During Adolescents’ First Year of College

This preview shows page 1-2-19-20 out of 20 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 20 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 20 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 20 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 20 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 20 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

Daily Diary Reports of Social Connection, Objective Sleep, and the Cortisol Awakening Response During Adolescents’ First Year of CollegeAbstractIntroductionSocial and Developmental Context: Adolescents Who Transition to CollegeSocial Connection and SleepSocial Connection and Cortisol ActivityPresent Study and HypothesesMethodsParticipantsProcedureMeasuresObjective SleepSalivary CortisolDaily Social ConnectionLonelinessControl VariablesAnalytic PlanSleep ModelsDiurnal Cortisol ModelsResultsDaily Social Connection Predicting SleepDaily Social Connection Predicting Next Day Diurnal CortisolDiscussionConclusionAcknowledgmentsReferencesEMPIRICAL RESEARCHDaily Diary Reports of Social Connection, Objective Sleep,and the Cortisol Awakening Response During Adolescents’ FirstYear of CollegeMichael R. Sladek•Leah D. DoaneReceived: 25 September 2014 / Accepted: 15 December 2014 / Published online: 24 December 2014Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014Abstract Poor sleep and alterations in the stress-sensitivehypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis may bemechanisms through which loneliness impacts adolescents’well-being. Few researchers have explored whether dailyvariation in experiences of social connection predict day-to-day variation in sleep and HPA axis activity amongadolescents navigating the college context. Using dailydiary reports of social connection, objective measures ofsleep (actigraphy), and naturalistic salivary assessment, thepresent study examined within-person associationsbetween first-year college students’ social connectionduring the day and sleep that night, as well as diurnalcortisol activity the following day. The present study alsoexplored trait-level loneliness as a moderator of theseassociations after adjusting for baseline loneliness assessedin high school. Seventy-one first-year college students(23 % male; Mage= 18.85; 52 % non-Hispanic White)completed daily diary reports, wore a wrist-based accel-erometer (actigraph watch), and provided saliva samplesfive times daily across three consecutive weekdays. Theresults from hierarchical linear models indicated thatwithin-person increases in daily social connection weresignificantly associated with longer time spent in bed andmore actual time asleep that night only for adolescents highon loneliness. Within-person increases in daily socialconnection were associated with a greater cortisol awak-ening response (CAR) the next day, regardless of traitloneliness. These findings illustrate that more daily socialconnection with others than usual may predict improvedsleep quantity for lonely adolescents and a physiologicalindex of anticipating upcoming daily demands (CAR) ingeneral. Future intervention programs might considerincluding strategies focused on enhancing daily socialinteractions among adolescents starting college, particu-larly for lonely adolescents.Keywords Social connection  Loneliness  Adolescents Sleep  Cortisol  Diary studies  Transition to collegeIntroductionLoneliness (perceiving a lack of quality or quantity insocial relationships) is a risk factor for poor health(Pedersen et al. 2007; Waldrip et al. 2008) and has spe-cifically been linked to poor sleep (Cacioppo et al. 2002a)and alterations in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA)axis activity (Doane and Adam 2010) among adolescents.Indeed, changes in sleep and HPA axis activity may bemechanisms through which loneliness impacts health andwell-being as adolescents develop (Cacioppo et al. 2002b;Hawkley and Cacioppo 2003, 2010; Rao et al. 2009).Despite a strong tradition of considering how social rela-tionships and support from others contribute to resilienceacross development (e.g., Holt-Lunstad et al. 2010; Host-inar et al. 2014; Rao et al. 2010), relatively few researchershave explored whether daily experiences of interacting andengaging with others might be associated more directlywith day-to-day changes in key biological mechanismslinked with adolescents’ health: sleep and physiologicalstress activity. Even fewer researchers have explored suchquestions using daily diary reports of social connection incombination with objective measures of sleep and cortisolM. R. Sladek (&)  L. D. DoaneDepartment of Psychology, Arizona State University,P.O. Box 871104, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USAe-mail: [email protected]. D. Doanee-mail: [email protected] Youth Adolescence (2015) 44:298–316DOI 10.1007/s10964-014-0244-2activity among adolescents who have entered the collegeenvironment. Based on prior theoretical and empiricalwork highlighting loneliness during adolescence and thecollege years (e.g., Hawkley et al. 2007; Laursen and Hartl2013), the daily impact of social connection on these healthmarkers is likely to differ based on individual differencesin loneliness among adolescents adapting to the new socialcontext of college. Implementing this research in natural-istic settings is critical and has the potential to directlyinform intervention programs by identifying how fluctua-tions in social connection contribute to adolescents’ healthon a day-to-day basis (potentially in different ways fordifferent adolescents) as they begin their first year ofcollege.To address limitations of available studies, we utilized amodified ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol(Stone and Shiffman 1994) in a longitudinal sample ofadolescents transitioning to college to examine sleep (animportant health behavior) and diurnal cortisol activity(including several indices of daily stress physiology). Inaddition to demonstrated links with social connection (orlack thereof), both sleep and diurnal cortisol activity can bemeasured reliably in adolescents’ naturalistic settings (e.g.,Zeiders et al. 2011). These outcomes represent different(although often related) regulatory processes that maintainhomeostasis in the body (Steiger 2002). Sleep regulationreflects both circadian rhythmicity and adolescent behaviors(i.e., choices that adolescents make regarding their sleepschedule), whereas cortisol is a much more specific markerof HPA axis stress physiology. We used daily diary reports,actigraphic sleep, and naturalistic salivary collection toexamine whether intra-individual variation in social con-nection during the day was associated with objective mea-sures of sleep duration and quality as well as with diurnalcortisol patterns the following day. Taking advantage of alongitudinal study design, we also explored whether chan-ges in


View Full Document

UIUC PSYC 336 - Daily Diary Reports of Social Connection, Objective Sleep, and the Cortisol Awakening Response During Adolescents’ First Year of College

Download Daily Diary Reports of Social Connection, Objective Sleep, and the Cortisol Awakening Response During Adolescents’ First Year of College
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Daily Diary Reports of Social Connection, Objective Sleep, and the Cortisol Awakening Response During Adolescents’ First Year of College and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Daily Diary Reports of Social Connection, Objective Sleep, and the Cortisol Awakening Response During Adolescents’ First Year of College 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?