Spanish 122 VocabularyCapítulo 4El/la abuelo/a  grandfather/grandmotherLos abuelos  grandparentsEl/la ahijado/a  godson/goddaughterEl/la esposo/a  husband/wifeEl/la gemelo/a  twinEl/la hermanastro/a  stepbrother/stepsisterEl/la hermano/a  brother/sisterLos hermanos  siblingsEl/la hijastro/a  stepson/stepdaughterEl/la hijo/a  son/daughterEl/la hijo/a adoptivo/a  adopted son/daughterEl/la hijo/a único/a  only childLos hijos  childrenLa madrastra  stepmotherLa madre  motherLa madrina  godmotherEl/la medio/a hermano/a  half brother/sisterEl/la nieto/a  grandson/granddaughterLos nietos  grandchildrenEl padrastro  stepfatherEl padre  fatherLos padres  parentsEl padrino  godfatherLos padrinos  godparentsEl/la pariente  relativeEl/la primo/a  cousinEl/la sobrino/a  nephew/niece Los sobrinos  nephews and niecesEl/la tío/a  uncle/auntLos tíos  aunts and unclesEl/la cuñado/a  brother-in-law/sister-in-lawLa nuera  daughter-in-lawEl/la suegro/a  father-in-law/mother-in-lawEl yerno  son-in-lawEl gato  catNumbers 100 and up- For numbers between 100 and 200, use cientoo Ciento uno, ciento dos, ciento tres…ciento noventa y nueve- The hundreds from 200 to 900 will show gender agreemento Doscientos uno, doscientos dos…doscientos noventa y neuve hombreso Trescientas tres…cuatrocientas siete…novecientas cinco mujeres- The indefinite article is not used before one thousando Mil dólareso Cinco mil dólares- To express years in Spanish, the numbers are said using mil.o 1492  mil cuatrocientos noventa y doso 1959  mil novecientos cincuenta y nueveo 1776  mil setecientos setenta y seiso 2001  dos mil uno- To express dates that include years, use the formula: el + day + de + month + de year o Hoy es el 30 de abril de 2015  Today is April 30, 2015- Use the indefinite article for one million. The preposition de is required before a nouno Un millón de personas  a million peopleo Tres millones de personas  three million peopleCien  100Ciento uno  101Ciento dos  102Ciento tres  103Ciento noventa y nueve  199Doscientos/as  200Trescientos/as  300Cuatrocientos/as  400Quinientos/as  500Seiscientos/as  600setecientos/as  700ochocientos/as  800Novecientos/as  900Mil  1,000Dos mil  2,000Un millón (de)  1,000,000Dos millones (de)  2,000,000cariñoso/a  affectionateDelgado/a  thinGordo/a  fatHermoso/a  prettyJubilado/a  retiredListo/a  smartOrgulloso/a  proudTorpe  clumsyTranquilo/a  calmTravieso/a  mischievousUnido/a  close (relationship)Viejo/a  oldExtrovertido/a  extrovertObediente  obedientResponsable  responsibletímido/a  shyEl bautizo  baptismLa boda  weddingEl cumpleaños  birthdayEl divorcio  divorceEl matrimonio  marriage; married coupleLa ceremonia civil  civil ceremonyCasado/a  marriedDivorciado/a  divorcedSeparado/a  separatedSoltero/a  singleViudo/a  widowedUses of the verb ser: to be1. Used to give the time of day or year, the month, the date, and the day:o Hoy es el 15 de mayo. Es martes. Es primavera  Today is the 15th of May. It is Tuesday.It is spring.2. Ser with adjectives describes the inherent physical or character (personality) qualities of a person or thingo Mi hija es bajo pero es muy atlética  My daughter is short but very athletico Vosotros sois muy amables  You (all) are very kind3. Used to tell the location of events, such as concerts, meetings, and classeso La boda es en Madrid  the wedding is in Madrido Las clases de arte son en el salón 213  the art classes are in room 2134. Ser with de indicates possession or material something is made ofo ¿La computadora es de Manuel?  is the computer Manuel’s?o No, es de Ana María  no, it’s Ana Maria’s5. Indicates origin and nationalityo ¿Es Marisol de España? Sí, es española.  Is Marisol from Spain? Yes, she’s Spanish6. Gives a definition, or it identifies someone or something (occupation, religious political affiliation, relationships)o Mi tío Ramón es mi pariente favorito. Es piloto y escritor.  Uncle Ramon is my favorite relative, he’s a pilot and a writero Federica es la tía de Nidia y Paula  Federica is Nidia and Paula’s auntUses of the verb estar: to be1. Used to form the present progressive tense, which is used to state that an action is in progress at this momento En este momento estoy leyendo el periódico en línea  at the moment, I’m reading the newspaper online2. Estar with adjectives is used to describe the physical, emotional, or mental condition of a person or thing. It can also be used to describe appearance, emphasizing a change from the person or thing’s usual qualitieso Los niños están muy cansados hoy. No tienen la energía de siempre.  the children are very tired today. They don’t have their usual energyo No puedes usar el coche porque está descompuesto/roto.  you can’t use the car becauseit’s broken down3. Used to tell physical or geographical location of a person, place, or thingo Mi familia está en la playa  My family is at the beacho La ciudad de Atlanta está en Georgia  The city of Atlanta is in Georgia- In some cases, the meaning of an adjective changes depending on whether ser or estar is used. Remember that ser refers to inherent qualities, while estar refers to current conditions or to indicate a change from the normo La película es aburrida  Verónica está aburrida The movie is boring  Veronica is boredo Rodrigo es muy listo  Rodrigo está listo Rodrigo is very clever  Rodrigo is readyo Marcos es rico  La comida está rica Marcos is rich  The food tastes deliciouso La manzana es verde  La manzana está verde The apple is green (color)  The apple is not ripe (is unripe)The verb saber: to knowYo sé: I knowTú sabes: You knowElla/él/usted sabe: She knows, he knows, you know (formal)Nosotros/nosotras sabemos: We knowVosotros/vosotras sabéis: You know (Spain)Ellas/ellos/ustedes saben: They know, you all know (formal) - Saber expresses to know facts or specific bits of information. When followed by an infinitive, it expresses to know how (to do something)o ¿Sabes el teléfono de Miguel?  do you know Miguel’s telephone number?The verb conocer: to know, be acquainted withYo cónozco: I know/I am acquainted