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UGA POUL 3000L - Written Lab Study Guide 3000

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WRITTEN LAB EXAM POUL 3000Gross Anatomy: 1. Know the following directional terms:a. Dorsalb. Ventralc. Mediald. Craniale. Caudal f. Proximalg. Distal 2. Know the following bones from the picture of “skeleton of the fowl” in the gross anatomy handout:a.Incisiveb. Mandiblec. Occipital d. Atlase. Claviclef. Humerus g. Radius h. Ulna i. Scapula j. Metacarpus k. Iliuml. Ischium m. Femur n. Sternumo. Coracoid p. Tibiaq. Fibula r. Metatarsus s. Uncinated process t. Sternal or vertebral ribu. Pubis3. Be familiar with the female reproductive tract photo in the gross anatomy handouta. Infundibulumb. Magnumc. Isthmusd. Shell glande. Vagina f. Cloaca Hematology Lab1. What was the difference between the heparinzed tube and non-heparinzed tube? - Heparinized contains heparin, an anticoagulant to prevent clotting2. What is the typical PCV for a chicken?- 35.9-41.0%a. Would it be higher in males of females?- Higher in males---testosterone stimulates erythropoietin which increases erythropoiesis to production of RBC - Females have yolk precursors which take a percentage out of blood components to blood3. Be able to name all leukocytes and their general role in and appearance in chicken.- Heterophils:WBC (granulocyte)-leukocyte bacteria- Eosinophil:WBC (granulocyte)-leukocyte parasites- Basophil:WBC (granulocyte)-leukocyte- B-lymphocyte vs T-lymphocyte: WBC (Agranulocyte)-leukocyte- Monocyte (Macrophage):WBC (Agranulocyte)-leukocyte4. What is H&E stain?a. What does hematoxylin stain and what color? Dark blue or violet Basic/positive that stains basophilic substances--acidic and negatively charged (DNA/RNA)b. Eosin? Is red/pink acidic/negative stain binds to acidophilic substances-positively charged (A.A’s lysine and arginine)5. You may be given a screen shot of four different hemocytometer squares using blood that has been diluted 1:10 in saline. You will need to determine the red blood cells per ml in the original sample. (in case you forgot how… http://www.abcam.com/protocols/counting-cells-using-a-haemocytometer)- (Total of 4 squares/4)X 10,000 X 10=cells/mLAntimicrobial Laboratory:1. What are some differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?- Gram (+)= stains purple and thick peptidoglycan - Gram (-)= stains pink and thin peptidoglycan layer with outer membrane, endotoxins and exotoxins2. Be familiar with the differences and selectivity of the following media growth plates:a. LB: Lysogeny broth= General growth plateb. MSA: mannitol salt agar= gram (+) bacteria bc high salt concentration-staphylococcus aureus yellow zones, staph epidermis=whitec. EMB: eosin methylene blue=coliforms (E.coli)—gram (-) bacteria, lactose presence-lactose fermentation3. You may be give a screen shot of an agar diffusion test that needs to be interpreted.- Zone of inhibition—how effective abx is at stopping growthIntroduction to Surgery and Anesthesiology 1. What is the carrier gas that we used to deliver the isoflurane ins a vaporized form? - O22. At what flow rate is the vapor delivered to the bird? - 1.5L/min3. Into where is the intubation tube inserted? - Glottis4. At what level is isoflurane used for induction of anesthesia?- 5%5. At what level is it maintained during surgery? - 1.5-2.5%6. Know the general characteristics of anesthesia- Inhaled or Injectable- Inhaled=better bc can be titrated, more consistent therapeutic index, rapid induction/recovery, minimal cardioresp side effects7. What methods are used to monitor the bird for proper levels of anesthesia?- Pinch toes, check reflexes, monitor HR for increases, movement8. Be able to provide the procedure for preparing the surgical site prior to the incision.- Select target area of incision, pluck feathers, move legs out of the way with cord, wipe with betadine then ethanol 2 times, cover with sterile drape, inject lidocaine SQ 9. What is lidocaine and how does it work?- Lidocaine is local anesthetic- Inhibits VG channels (Na+)-blocks nerve impulses10. What is the advantages of choosing either simple interrupted over simple continuous?- Simple interrupted is more secure closure bc if one suture breaks the remaining will hold-less infection bc microorganism less likely to travel along sutures- Simple continuous=faster, snug11. Why is blunt dissection a better method than cutting for the displacement of connective tissue at the surgical site?-12. Why is it important to lower the head so that the birds mouth faces the table?Below From Suture Lecture: 13. Know the size range for sutures:a. 10-0 (smallest) to 7 (largest)b. Why should size be taken into consideration when choosing the proper suture size.14. What is property of elasticity important to consider when choosing suture size?15. Advantage/disadvantage of having a high amount of plasticity in the suture.16. Characteristics of suture material important for ease of handling and know security:a. What would be the advantage/disadvantage of a suture with a low coefficientof friction? b. What would be the advantage/disadvantage of a suture with a high memory? c. Advantage/Disadvantage of monofilament vs multifilamenti. Which of the above should be used on skin or exposed wounds?d. Advantage/disadvantage of absorbable vs nonabsorbable?17. You may be presented a screen shot of a suture package, you will need to tell me thefollowing from the package:a. Needle shape, needle point (type…it will be either taper, cut or cutting edge), suture size (gauge), suture material 18. We often used 3-0 or 4-0 polyglycolic or chromatic catgut and 3-0 black silk…be familiar with when each were used and why.19. What are the roles of Amikacin, Enolfloxin and meloxicam?20. Be able to describe how a Lone star retractor assists with surgery.21. Be able to provide a description of the recovery process starting with the suturing of the skin and ending with placement of the bird in its recovery room. 22. Why is the heating pad used during surery?23. Why is it important to ensure proper placement of the dispersion pad?24. How does the electrosurgical unit (VetStar) work?25. Be familiar with the different VetStar settings and how they differ from each other. Follicle removal:1. Through which side and where was the initial incision made for this surgery?2. What is peritonitis and why was it a risk for this surgery?3. How is the follicle attached to the ovary and what was used to assist with retraction of the follicle 4. Which follicle was removed?Egg removal 1. From what portion of the oviduct was the


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UGA POUL 3000L - Written Lab Study Guide 3000

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