POS 110 Chapter 6:1. Which political figure claimed that "our government rests on public opinion?" - Abraham Lincoln2. Which of the following presidents was the only president to receive an approval rating higher than 90 percent? - George W. Bush3. Public opinion - is the aggregate of individual attitudes or beliefs about certain issues or officials, and it is the foundation of any democracy.4. Which term refers to the extent to which people believe their actions affect the course of government? – efficacy5. Which of the following best defines political trust? - the extent to which people believe the government acts in their best interests6. During President McKinley's administration, what was used to gauge public opinion? - newspaper articles7. What was wrong with the 1936 Literary Digest poll conducted during thepresidential campaign? - the poll was biased in sampling8. George Gallup, who founded the American Institute of Public Opinion in 1935, correctly predicted the outcome of the 1936 election by generatinga random sample of people to participate in surveys.9. Which university founded the Survey Research Center and is now the academic center for all sorts of polling? - University of Michigan10. Which of the following is a potential problem with Internet polling? - Internet polling may be biased against older and poor Americans who areless likely to have Internet access.11. Which type of poll is conducted as voters are leaving the voting booth? – exit12. The process by which our attitudes are shaped is called - socialization.13. If your parents are Democrats, what is the likelihood that you will alsoidentifies yourself as a Democrat? - about 67 percent14. What have preliminary studies of twins suggested about the formationof political attitudes? - Genetics may play a role in the formation of political attitudes15. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, were a defining event that caused Americans to change their views on national security and express a willingness to give up some personal freedom to reduce the threat of terrorism. This is an example of - generational effect16. Mariella was a Democrat when she was young, but as she got older and began making more money, she became a Republican because Republicans have pursued tax policies that protect individual wealth. In this case, Mariella is choosing a political ideology based upon - self-interest17. Which concept deals with the psychological attachment that individuals have towards Democrats or Republicans? - party identification18. Liberals tend to be _______, and conservatives tend to be _______. - Democrats; Republicans19. How did the Framers feel about the public's capacity to be politically informed and make good choices? - They were concerned about the public's ability to make good political decisions.20. How has party polarization in Congress changed from the 1970s to present? - It has increased steadily over this period.21. Working-class people who support the Republican party because they believe in a conservative social agenda and a decreased role for government welfare-based programs are known as - Reagan Democrats.22. Overall, _______ tend to be the most politically conservative group. – Protestants23. Which of the following terms does the text use to describe the differences in political attitudes among men and women? – gender gap24. Which of the following is true when it comes to Latinos and African Americans regarding party identification? - African Americans are more likely to be Democrats than Republicans, and both parties compete for Latino support. 25. How do college graduates differ in their perspective about immigration reform when compared with those who have a high school education or less? - College graduates are more in favor of allowing illegal immigrants to become citizensChapter 7:1. The mass media help ensure government accountability and responsiveness by performing three important tasks: informing, investigating, and interpreting the news.2. Who uncovered the Watergate scandal? - Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein3. Which amendment governs freedom of press? – First4. Which Supreme Court case limited the government's ability to suppress anews story? - Near v. Minnesota5. In which Supreme Court case did the court require proof of actual malicein order to convict of libel? - New York Times v. Sullivan6. Which federal agency is in charge of regulating electronic media? - Federal Communications Commission7. Which was a result of the Pentagon Papers Supreme Court decision? - The government had not met and would have needed to meet an extraordinary burden of proof for prior restraint.8. Who published the influential pamphlet, Common Sense, which attacked King George? - Thomas Paine9. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay published a series of articles in support of the Constitution that are known as - The FederalistPapers.10. Which president started his own newspaper in order to get his message out? - James K. Polk11. Which assessment of the 1960 debate between Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedy is considered correct? - Most television watchers thought Kennedy won, and most radio listeners thought Nixon won12. The press concealed the health of which president, thereby preservinghis public image? - Franklin Delano Roosevelt13. Which three major networks aired evening news broadcasts in the early 1960s? - ABC, NBC, CBS14. The decline of newspaper readership might affect the public's exposure to - hard news15. Since the 1990s, what has happened to newspaper readership? - It has declined for both younger and older age groups16. The percentage of Americans who listen to the radio has remained unchanged in the past decade.17. Which factor poses the biggest threat to the television evening news? - an aging audience18. Which form of media has enabled the average citizen to most easily express his or her views to a wider audience? – blogs19. Facebook is an example of a(n) - social networking site20. Which model for interpreting public opinion asserts that the news media has only marginal influence on the public's thinking about politics?- the minimal effects model21. Selective exposure is the process whereby people secure information from sources that agree with them, reinforcing their beliefs.22. By stressing certain issues, the media influence what the American public views as the most pressing concerns. This effect is called - agenda setting23. When the Bush administration