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CU-Boulder PSYC 2841 - Exam 3 Study Sheet

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CHEM 1133 FALL 2017 EXAM 3 STUDY SHEETLearning Goals: ElectrochemistryDetailed Learning Objectives:Learning Goals: KineticsCHEM 1133 FALL 2017 EXAM 3 STUDY SHEET Learning Goals: Electrochemistry Chapters 4.5 and 21 (omit sections 5 & 6) Detailed Learning Objectives: 1. An oxidation-reduction reaction (commonly abbreviated to “redox reaction”) involves a net transfer of electrons from one chemical species to another. Distinguish a redox reaction from other types of reactions, and identify which species lose electrons and which ones gain electrons. 1.1. Assign “oxidation numbers” to the individual atoms within molecules and molecular ions, and use them to track the flow of electrons in a reaction. 1.2. Determine whether a chemical reaction is an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction. 1.3. Analyze a redox reaction by breaking it into oxidation and reduction “half reactions”. 1.4. Construct new oxidation-reduction reactions from a set of specified half-reactions. 1.5. Balance a redox reaction, and determine how many electrons are transferred in the reaction. 2. Show how a redox reaction can be used to generate an electrical current, by separating the oxidation process from the reduction process in an electrochemical cell. Also show how a chemical reaction that would not occur on its own can be driven by an electrical current. 2.1. Given a sketch of an electrochemical cell, including electrode materials and ions in solution, state what chemical reaction is taking place in that cell. 2.2. For a given redox reaction, design an electrochemical cell in which that reaction could be used to generate an electrical current. 2.3. Show the direction in which electrons, ions, and electrical current move when an electrochemical cell is producing electrical power, and when the cell is being driven by an external power source. 2.4. Predict what happens to the components in an electrochemical cell (does an electrode grow or shrink, do the concentrations of ions in solution increase or decrease) when the cell is producing power, and when it is being driven by an external source. 2.5. Calculate how much product will be made when a measured electrical current passes through an electrolytic cell; equivalently, how much current is required to produce a desired amount of product. 3. Predict which reactions are spontaneous using tabulated electrochemical potentials, and relate these to chemical equilibrium properties. 3.1. Use tabulated “standard reduction potentials” (E°) to predict the direction in which a chemical reaction will take place, given components and their concentrations. 3.2. Use standard reduction potentials to calculate the voltage produced by an electrochemical cell, given the cell components and their concentrations. 3.3. Construct an electrochemical cell that is capable of producing a specified voltage. 3.4. Calculate the equilibrium constant of a reaction from standard reduction potentials. 3.5. Predict the products that will be formed when an electrical current is passed through a mixture of ions (an aqueous ionic solution, or a mixture of molten salts.)4. Analyze various real-world applications of electrochemical processes, such as batteries, electrolysis and electrochemical concentration measurements. 4.1. For an electrolytic cell, calculate the missing parameter. For example, use the balanced half-reaction and current to calculate time required for a process. Or use the balanced half-reaction, current and time to calculate the amount of product formed. 4.2. Show how an electrochemical cell can be used to measure the concentration of ions in a solution. Predict what happens to the components of a concentration cell as the cell operates. Learning Goals: Kinetics Chapter 16: 1 - 6 Topic Area: Reaction Rates • Interpreting energy profiles for reactions and label important points. • Writing expressions for the rate of a reaction in terms of rates of decomposition/formation (rates of disappearance/appearance). • Writing balanced chemical reactions from the rates of decomposition/formation (rates of disappearance/appearance). • Calculation of average reaction rates. • Determining the order of a reaction. • Determination of the rate law from experiment using initial rates, calculation of the rate constant (k) and its units. Topic Area: Reaction Rates • Integrated rate laws. • Plotting [X], ln[X] and 1/[X] vs. time to determine the order of a reaction. • Making a reaction pseudo first order to determine the order of a reaction. • Half life as an application of the first order integrated rate law. Topic Area: Collision theory • Understand collision theory and the factors that can influence the rate of a chemical reaction. • Reaction coordinate diagrams, the transition state and the activation energy. • The Arrhenius equation and the activation energy and the rate


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