BIOL 213-504Final Exam Study Guided. phosphoribosyl transferasesd. Two nucleotide chains are oriented in the same direction, ie. parallelBIOL 213-504 Final Exam Study Guide PART 1. Multiple Choice. Circle the best answer(s). 1. Lipid-derived secondary messengers are generated by the action of a. phosphatases b. phosphodiesterases c. phospholipases d. phosphoribosyl transferases e. none of the above 3. The codons for amino acids are: a. triplet b. overlapping c. degenerate d. a and c 4. The nucleosomal core histones include a. H1, H2A, H2B, and H3 b. H1, H2A, H2B, and H4 c. H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 d. H1, H3, H4 and H5 e. none of the above 5. The DNA-binding domains of DNA-binding proteins most likely do not include a. acidic amino acids b. hydrophobic amino acids c. basic amino acids d. a and b 6. Which of the following is not a property of stem cells? a. They are self-renewing b. Under appropriate conditions, they can differentiate into different cell types and tissues. c. They have great medical potential d. They always come from embryos e. None of the above 7. Caspases are a. DNA repair enzymes b. kinases c. phosphatases d. phosphodiesterases e. proteases 8. Many human tumors carry mutations in a. caspases b. p21 c. p53 d. PolI e. b and c2 9. Proteins that bind enhancer sequences almost always a. have basic amino acids in their DNA binding domains b. bind cis regulatory elements upstream of the core promoter they regulate c. bind to pre-mRNAs d. a and b 10. The implications of alternative splicing are a. the same transcription unit can encode several different proteins b. gene expression can be regulated at the post-transcription level c. evolution of new gene functions is facilitated d. a and b e. a, b and c 11. ras is a. an oncogene b. a tumor suppressor gene c. a transcription factor d. none of the above e. a, b and c 12. p53 is a. an indirect inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinase b. a tumor suppressor gene c. a transcriptional activator of p21 d. none of the above e. a, b and c 13. How many transmembrane α-helices does a G-protein coupled receptor have? a. 6 b. 7 c. 10 d. 12 e. 14 14. The exonuclease activities of DNA polymerase I are used to a. replicate the E. coli chromosome b. proofread newly synthesized strands c. maximize the fidelity of replication d. b and c e. a, b and c 15. Semiconservative replication means that a. each daughter strand will have one of the parental strands and one new strand b. one daughter duplex will be entirely new and the other will have both original parental strands c. both daughter duplexes will be entirely new and the parental duplex will be degraded d. each strand of each daughter duplex will have parts of the parental strands and parts of new strands 16. p21 a. is an inhibitor of G1CDK b. acts during cell differentiation to block the cell cycle at G1/S c. is transcribed from a promoter activated by p53 d. none of the above3 e. a, b and c 17. Two of the main checkpoints in the cell cycle occur at the transitions between a. G0/G1 and G1/S b. G1/S and S/G2 d. S/G2 and G2/M e. M/G1 and S/G2 f. G1/S and G2/M 18. Which is not true of the double helix? a. G = C b. A = T c. 20 Å diameter d. Two nucleotide chains are oriented in the same direction, ie. parallel e. all are true 19. The term α-helix refers to a feature of a. Protein primary structure b. Protein secondary structure c. Protein tertiary structure d. Protein quaternary structure e. Random coiling 20. Acetylcholine is released at a. The chloroplast membrane b. The myelin sheath c. Synaptic junctions d. The nucleus e. The red blood cell membrane 21. How many net ATPs are produced for each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6 22. Which of the following proteins are not components of the cytoskeleton? a. Tubulin b. Actin c. Collagen d. a and c e. All are components of the cytoskeleton 23. Which of the following is the most common second messenger? a. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) b. ATP c. GTP d. phosphoribosyl transferases e. None of the above4 24. Which of the following statements about histones is not true? a. Histones have similar sequences among all eukaryotic species. b. Histones have many basic amino acids. c. Histones are rich in lysine and arginine. d. Histones H1, H2B, H3 and H4 form the nucleosomal core. e. All four of these statements are true. PART 2. The part where you have to write something! 25. Provide the appropriate word or phrase: a. When chromatin is treated with DNase I, the resulting DNA fragments have a length of about ______ base pairs. b. In mRNA, the codons for amino acids are ______ and _______. c. DNA polymerase ___ is the enzyme primarily responsible for the replication of the E. coli chromosome. e. The anti-leukemia drug ___________ acts by inhibiting the hyperactive protein kinase encoded by the Abl oncogene. g. The DNA-binding domains of DNA-binding proteins most likely include _________ amino acids. i. According to the endosymbiont theory, eukaryotic cells evolved by the acquisition of photosynthetic and/or aerobic, non-photosynthetic bacteria that ultimately evolved into the current organelles: _________ and __________. j. ________ is the process of programmed cell death. 26. Match the most appropriate words or phrases. Write the appropriate letter in column 2 in the appropriate space in column 1. 1 2 Messelson and Stahl ___ a. Tumor suppressor gene Okazaki fragments ___ b. Watson/Crick Gunter Blobel ___ c. A=T; G=C Double Helix ___ d. DNA Polymerase I Peyton Rous ___ e. NADP/NADPH Chargaff ___ f. Pioneers in mammalian transcription factors Arthur Kornberg ___ g. Semi –conservative DNA replication McKnight/Tijan ___ h. DNA replication initiation Photosynthesis ___ i. Signal hypothesis P53 ___ j. Receptor tyrosine kinase RTK ___ k. Avian sarcoma virus5 28. THIS IS A CENTRAL DOGMA QUESTION. Schematically, outline the flow of genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and describe potential regulatory mechanisms at each step. 29.. THIS IS A CENTRAL DOGMA QUESTION. A. Draw a typical RNA polymerase transcription unit. Label the key features and explain the potential regulatory roles. Hint: Include at least three exons. B. Schematically, outline the splicing of one of the introns. Be specific! 30. Name a drug that has been developed that targets transcription. What is its target and what