xxx semester 140 PointsCccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccINSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSISMID-TERM EXAM IIxxx semester 140 PointsCALCULATIONS (40 Points)1. The acid/base indicator HIn undergoes the following reaction in dilute aqueous solution: HIn  H+ + In-color 1 color 2The following absorbance data were obtained for a 5.00x10-4 M solution of HIn in 0.1 M NaOH and 0.1 M HCl. Measurements were made at a wavelength of 485 nm and 625 nm with 1.00-cm cells.0.1 M NaOH:A485=0.052 A625=0.8230.1 M HCl: A485=0.454 A625=0.176In the NaOH solution, essentially all of the indicator is present as In-; in the acidic solution, it is essentially all in the form of HIn.A. (10 points) Calculate the molar absorptivities for In- and HIn at 485 and 625 nm.CHEM_425_midterm_II_xxx1B. (15 points) Calculate the acid dissociation constant for the indicator if a pH 5.00 buffer containing a small amount of the indicator exhibits an absorbance of 0.472 at 485 nm and0.351 at 625 nm (1-cm cells).C. (15 points) What is the pH of a solution containing a small amount of the indicator that exhibits an absorbance of 0.530 at 485 nm and 0.216 at 625 nm (1-cm cells)? INSTRUMENTS (50 points)CHEM_425_midterm_II_xxx22. A. (10 points) Provide a block diagram of an ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) diode array spectrophotometer clearly labeling each of the components.B. (10 points) Provide a block diagram of a scanning duel-beam UV/VIS spectrophotometer clearly labeling each of the components.C. (10 points) Provide a diagram of a monochromator, clearly labeling each of the components. CHEM_425_midterm_II_xxx3D. (10 points) Provide a block diagram of a capillary electrophoresis system clearly labeling each of the components.E. (10 points) Provide a block diagram of a mass spectrometer clearly labeling each of the components.CHEM_425_midterm_II_xxx4SHORT ANSWERS (50 points)3. Mass Spectrometry (19 points)1. (3 points) Name three ionization sources.2. (2 points) Name one “hard” ionization source and one “soft” ionization source.3. (2 points) What complementary information can be obtained by the combined use of a “hard” and a “soft” ionization sources?4. (2 points) What ionization source is used in the mass spectrometer in the 425 laboratory?5. (2 points) What type of ionization source is used most commonly for the analysis of highmolecular weight polar compounds such as proteins?6. (4 points) Name four mass analyzers.7. (2 points) What mass analyzer is employed in the gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) in the 425 lab?8. (2 points) Why is this type of mass analyzer, named in question G, used in GC/MS?4. Capillary Electrophoresis (14 points)CHEM_425_midterm_II_xxx51. (3 points) Provide the order of elution of cations, anions and neutral species using capillary zone electrophoresis.2. (3 points) Name a capillary electrophoretic method that can be used to separate neutral species on the basis of their polarity.3. (2 points) Define “isoelectric point (pI).”4. (3 points) In isoelectric focusing, would the species with the highest pI focus closer to the cathode or the anode?5. (3 points) Indicate a way in which electroosmotic flow can be a) repressed and b) reversed.5. Ultraviolet/Visible Absorption Spectrophotometry (17 points)CHEM_425_midterm_II_xxx61. (2 points) Provide an equation that relates beam intensity to the transmittance of a sample.2. (3 points) Provide an equation that relates transmittance to the absorbance of a sample.3. (3 points) Provide an equation that relates absorbance to concentration. What is this equation called?4. (3 points) Name three factors that can produce deviations from the relationship provided in Question C. 5. (2 points) Name two types of electronic transitions that have very low molar absorptivities?6. (2 points) What two light sources are commonly employed in UV/Vis spectrophotometryto provide light in the ultraviolet and visible wavelength ranges, respectively?7. (2 points) What detector is employed in the spectrophotometer in the 425 lab?I pledge on my honor that I have not given ort received any unauthorized assistance on this