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WVSU PSYC 151 - Outline 241 2015-2016 Death, Dying, and Grieving

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Slide 1Reminders and AnnouncementsOutlineDefining DeathNatural Death Act and Advance DirectiveEuthanasiaCare for Dying IndividualsGenerational changesCultural VariationsDealing with DeathEvaluation of Kübler-RossCoping with Death and LossDevelopmental ChangesDevelopmental ChangesDevelopmental ChangesDimensions of GrievingDimensions of GrievingForms of MourningMaking Sense of the WorldDEATH, DYING, AND GRIEVINGChapter 17Reminders and AnnouncementsExam 5Optional make-up examGiven same day during finals. Finish exam 5, then open optional make-up.Must take exam on scheduled finals day.Outline Defining deathThe event of deathDevelopmental changes in conceptualizations of deathDealing with death: Grief and bereavementDefining DeathRecent changes – more technology = more complicatedBrain death – all electrical activity of the bran has ceased for some specified period of timeNatural Death Act and Advance DirectiveLiving will – filed while competence is not in questionAdvance directive - DNRAll 50 states accept advance directives http://www.wvendoflife.org/HomeEuthanasiaEuthanasia -- painlessly ending lives of individuals who are suffering from an incurable disease or severe disabilityTwo types: active - deliberately inducedpassive – withhold treatment, allow to dieCare for Dying IndividualsRespect for the goals, preferences, and choices of the patient and his or her familyHospice – a program commited to making the end of life as free from pain, anxiety, and depression as possiblePalliative care – involves reducing pain and suffering and helping individuals die with dignityGenerational changes1800’s: many children and young adults die1900: most people died at home, w/familyCurrently: most losses are among older adults80% in hospitalsCultural VariationsRole of war, famine, and plaguePhilosophical or religious beliefs about death In most societies, beliefs about immortality of soulDealing with DeathKübler-Ross’ Stages of DyingFive stagesdenial and isolationangerbargainingdepressionacceptanceEvaluation of Kübler-RossResearch support - noneLimits of stages – doesn’t consider contextPositive impact of Kübler-Ross – called attention to the issues of quality(Kastenbaum, 2007)Coping with Death and LossBest PracticesPersonal wishes about dyingPlan funeral Reminiscecan understand their physical sensations and medical procedures(Banja, 2005; Kalish, 1981)Developmental ChangesHow children understand loss and experience grief changes with ageInfant (0-2 years) – no understanding of deathMay experience separation anxietyEarly Childhood (2-6 years) – temporary/reversibleMay develop magical explanations/blame themselvesNeed to speak in concrete terms about the experienceDevelopmental ChangesMiddle Childhood (6-8 years) – final and irreversible, but not universalAngerLate childhood (8-12 years) – develop adult understanding – final, irreversible, universalInternalization= need to be included in ceremonies/ritualsDevelopmental ChangesAdolescence (12-18 years)Able to think abstactly about deathInterested in the existential meaning of deathIntense emotions At all ages, successful grieving is linked with havingAt least 1 significant adult presentSafe and emotionally-supportive environmentDimensions of GrievingGrief -- emotional numbness, disbelief, separation anxiety, despair, sadness, and loneliness that accompany the loss of someone we loveMany dimensionsPinning or yearningSeparation anxietyDespair and sadnessHopelessness and defeat”Roller Coaster” of emotionDimensions of GrievingProlonged Grief Enduring despair and is still unresolved over an extended period of timeDisenfranchised grief Grief over a deceased person that is a socially ambiguous loss that can’t be openly mourned or supportedForms of MourningOne decision is to decide what to do with the bodyBurial/cremationFuneral services Most meaningful to religious survivorsFamily and community have important rolesMaking Sense of the WorldOne beneficial aspect of grieving Stimulates many individuals to try to make sense of the worldUnexpected death vs. anticipatedIntensifies struggle for meaningBereaved want to put death in a perspective they can understandDivine intervention, logical sequence of events,


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WVSU PSYC 151 - Outline 241 2015-2016 Death, Dying, and Grieving

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