Slide 1Announcements & RemindersOutlineWho am I?Erikson: Identity and Identity ConfusionFigure 10.1 - Marcia’s Four Statuses of IdentityActivityActivitySlide 9Slide 10Slide 11IdentityEthnic IdentityEthnic Identity in Immigrant GroupsFamiliesAutonomy and AttachmentBehavioral ControlParental KnowledgeParental KnowledgeAdolescent Information Management and SecrecyDiscussion QuestionsParent-Adolescent ConflictParent-Adolescent ConflictExplanations for Increases in ConflictSocial Domain TheoryConflict and Adolescent DevelopmentResulting Conflict….PeersFriendshipsDevelopmental Changes in Self-Disclosing ConversationsCliques and CrowdsAdolescent CrowdsCrowdsDating and Romantic RelationshipsDating and Romantic RelationshipsDating and AdjustmentThe MediaJuvenile DelinquencyCauses of Delinquency Depression Suicide Gender Differences in SuicideSlide 43Slide 44Social & Emotional Development in AdolescenceAnnouncements & Reminders•Homework 4•Exam 4•Work on Paper!!Outline •Identity •Erikson•Marcia •Ethnic Identity•Families•Parents •Conflict •Peers•Friendships•Romantic relationships•Problems •Violent media•SuicideWho am I?•Make a list of 10 statements that are true about you.•Did your list reflect qualities differentiate you from others?•Reflect:•Relationships•Physical characteristics•Achievements•Ethnicity•Personality•Political or Religious•Permanent or situation-basedErikson:Identity and Identity Confusion•Identity = A series of basic life commitments in a variety of spheres•Time or experimentation with roles and personality•Psychosocial Moratorium: time between childhood security and adult autonomy10-6Figure 10.1 - Marcia’s Four Statuses of IdentityThese differ whether if a crisis or a commitment is occurringActivity•To test your understanding of Marcia’s four identity statuses, identify the status of the adolescent in each of the five scenarios. Be sure to explain your reasoning behind your choices. Crisis? Commitment?•1. Megan is a 14-year-old who, when asked what she wants to do when she graduates from high school, replies, “Maybe I will get married and have some children, or maybe I will be a neurosurgeon, or a fashion designer.”Activity•2. Seventeen-year-old Suzanne is questioning the tenets of the religion in which she was brought up. She is, for the first time, examining her beliefs and considering other belief systems. At the end of the period, she chooses to follow the same religion as her parents.•3. Lorraine is 16 years old and, when asked what she wants to do when she graduates from high school, replies, “I never really thought about it. I guess I will decide when the time comes.”•4. After Bill graduates from high school, he plans to go into his father’s business. He has been talking this over with his parents since he was a preschooler and is eager to fulfill his parents’ expectations.•5. Michael was asked to debate issues concerning premarital sex in his health class. His parents always taught him that premarital sex was wrong and that they would be very disappointed if they discovered he had engaged in it himself. After thoroughly investigating the consequences of premarital sex, Michael came out against it.10-12Identity•Developmental changes•Key changes in identity are more likely to take place in emerging adulthood than in adolescence•Identity does not remain stable throughout life•“MAMA” - Repeated cycles of moratorium to achievementEthnic Identity•Ethnic identity -- enduring aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group, along with the attitudes and feelings related to that membership•Bicultural identity -- adolescents identify in some ways with their ethnic group and in other ways with the majority cultureEthnic Identity in Immigrant Groups•_______________ are likely to be ______________ and unlikely to change much•____________________ are more likely to think of themselves as “____________” •ethnic identity is likely to be linked to retention of their ethnic language and social networksFamilies •Everyday conflicts serve a positive developmental function•Old model of parent-adolescent relationships suggested that: •As adolescents mature they detach themselves from parents and move into a world of autonomy apart from parents•New model emphasizes that: Emerging adulthood to move out•Parents serve as important attachment figures and support systems while adolescents explore a wider, more complex social worldAutonomy and Attachment•Adolescent’s push for autonomy can lead to conflict with parents•The wise adult relinquishes some control but continues to guide the adolescent•Boys are give more independence than girls•Secure attachment may by important in adolescents’ relationships with their parentsBehavioral Control•Parents’ rules, regulations, restrictions and awareness of teens’ activities•Facilitates development by providing necessary supervision & guidance•Parental MONITORING•Research has shown this is associated with fewer EXTERNALIZING problems (delinquency, drugs etc.)Parental Knowledge•Methodologically, monitoring research has focused on what parents know about their teens’ activities•But there are a lot of different ways parents could get this knowledge:•Parental solicitation of information•Surveillance and control•Child disclosureParental Knowledge•Stattin & Kerr •Examined role of different forms of parental knowledge on juvenile delinquency•Controlled for trust•CHILD DISCLOSURE and not parental solicitation or behavioral control predicted lower levels of juvenile delinquency*Adolescent Information Management and Secrecy•Adolescents may be motivated to NOT disclose some information to parents•To avoid getting in trouble•Because they view it as none of parents’ business•Research has focused on adolescent INFORMATION MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES•Lying•Avoidance•Partial disclosureDiscussion Questions•In adolescence…•When you fought with your parents, with whom did you fight?•What did you fight about?•How frequently?Parent-Adolescent Conflict•Frequency greatest in early adolescence, then declines•Intensity increases from early to middle adolescence •Mother-daughter dyads are the most conflictive dyad, followed by mother-son•Mostly about everyday issues*Parent-Adolescent Conflict•Centers on everyday events of family