Slide 1Reminders and AnnouncementsOutlineApproaches to Adult Psychosocial DevelopmentSlide 5Slide 6Examples:Evaluating Five Factor ModelErikson’s Theory: Intimacy versus IsolationTiming-of-Events ModelSocial ClockRelationshipsFriendship Gender and CommunicationStability and Change from Childhood to AdulthoodSlide 16Liking and loving: Interpersonal attractionSelecting a MateTrends in MarriageAdult Lifestyles: Single AdultsCohabitationThe Benefits of a Good MarriageMaking Marriage WorkTrends in Having ChildrenDivorce RatesDivorced AdultsRemarriage and StepparenthoodSocial & Emotional Development in Early AdulthoodReminders and Announcements•Homework 4•Exam 4•Experiential #3 •Make sure you have 3 options by end of semester•Virtual person paper•Due BEFORE Thanksgiving breakOutline•Approaches to Social and emotional Development in Adulthood•Relationships•Adult Lifestyles•Marriage, Parenting, and DivorceAPPROACHES TO ADULT PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTTrait ModelsNormative-Stage ModelsTiming-of-Events ModelPersonality Development Trait Models: Five Factors of Personality•Conscientiousness•Agreeableness•Neuroticism•Openess•Extraversion •CANOE!Examples:•I often enjoy playing with theories or abstract ideas. (Openness)•If necessary, I am willing to manipulate people to get what I want. (reverse: Agreeableness) •I strive for excellence in everything I do. (Conscientiousness)Evaluating Five Factor Model•Research has found Gradual, systematic change not continuity.•Neuroticism, openness and extraversion are mostly stable•Five factor model is based on _________ _____________Erikson’s Theory:Intimacy versus Isolation•Intimacy•Making a permanent commitment to intimate partner•Decreased independence redefining identity•Strong identity helps•Affects friendships, work•Isolation•Loneliness, self-absorption•Hesitant to form close ties•Fear of losing identity•compete•Reject differences•Threatened by closenessIntimacy vs. isolation erikson interview:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYb9_RDrYzQTiming-of-Events Model•Social Clock effects development•Normative life events•”On time” or “off time”•The course of development depends on when events occur in people’s lives•Timing varies by gender, culture, cohort, SESSocial Clock•Age-graded expectations for life events•Societal expectations more flexible now•Following social clock lends confidence, social stability•Distress if not following or falling behindRELATIONSHIPSFriendshipsMarriageDivorceRemarriage and CohabitationFriendship--•Friendship important throughout the human life span •Talk and sharing is central•Gender•Women have more close friendships with more self-disclosure and exchange of mutual supportGender and Communication•Tannen distinguishes two ways of communications: •Rapport talk -- language of conversation; establishes connections and negotiates relationships •Report talk -- talk that is designed to give information; includes public speakingStability and Change from Childhood to Adulthood•Adult’s attachment:•Secure attachment style•Positive views of relationships•Avoidant attachment style•Hesitant to get involved in romantic relationships•Anxious attachment style•Demand closeness, less trusting, and more emotional, jealous, and possessiveLiking and loving: Interpersonal attraction•Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love•Proposes that love involves three major components:•Passion: Feelings of physical attraction and sexual desire•Intimacy: Closeness, sharing, and valuing one’s partner•Commitment: a decision to remain in the relationshipSelecting a Mate•Physical _______•Most select partners who are ________•Gender differences•_______ report more emphasis on _____________________________•____ report more emphasis on ________ ______________•BUT more similar than different: for both, _________________________Trends in Marriage•Marrying later•Nearly 90% marry at least once•fewer marriages•staying single, cohabiting, not remarrying•Legalization of same-sex marriage•So called “Mixed” marriages increasinglyAdult Lifestyles: Single Adults•More adults are remaining single longer today •Advantages•Freedom•To make own decisions•Pursue own goals/schedule•Privacy•Disadvantages•Loneliness•Trouble forming adult relationships•Finding a niche in a marriage-oriented societyCohabitation•Cohabitation -- living together in a sexual relationship without being married •Reasons for cohabiting•Spending time together•Share expenses•Evaluate compatibility •Disadvantages•Disapproval of family•Difficulty purchasing property•Legal rights uncertain•Increased rick of domestic violenceThe Benefits of a Good Marriage•Happily married individuals•Living longer, healthier lives•Feel less physically and emotionally stressedMarriage benefits video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxVnXKwIY6w&feature=relatedMaking Marriage Work•Gottman found a number of main principles determining whether a marriage will work:•Establishing love maps•Nurturing fondness and admiration•Turning toward each other instead of away•Letting your partner influence you•Creating shared meaning http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SqPvgDYmJnY&feature=relatedRepair AttemptsGottman’s magic Ratiohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=Xw9SE315GtA&NR=1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1oB6zNcLIH0The love labTrends in Having Children•In United States, fewer married couples have children (70%)•mothers’ carriers•less social criticism•Delay first child•Smaller numbers of children•average of ___________Divorce Rates•Stabilize since 1980s•In U.S., about 45%•About 10% higher for remarriages soon after first marriage•First seven years, midlife most common times•young and adolescent children involvedDivorced Adults•Increases in divorce correlated with•Youthful marriage.•Low educational level•Low income•Not having a religious affiliation•Divorced parents,•Having a baby before marriage•Alcoholism, psychological problems, domestic violence, infidelity, and inadequate division of household laborhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJDN3PKZ1KERemarriage and Stepparenthood•One-third of U.S. marriages are remarriages One-fourth of stepfamilies are formed by cohabitation.•Many families adjust and create