Slide 1Work on your Virtual Person!OutlineDevelopment and PubertyPhysical ChangesWeight and Height and the Growth SpurtSlide 7HormonesWhat Triggers Puberty?Secular Trend the timing of pubertyPubertal or Maturational TimingPubertal Timing effects: BoysPubertal timing and girlsAdolescent Body ImageBrain DevelopmentBrain DevelopmentIn class activity 4-1 (page 61)SleepingSleep NeedsEating DisordersTreatment of Anorexia and BulimiaDrug Use and AbuseSlide 23Direct ConsequencesAlcohol Abuse in Early AdulthoodAdolescent Use of TimeSubstance Use and AbuseSlide 28Slide 29Slide 30Sexual BehaviorFactors Associated with Early SexSexually Transmitted Infections Sex EducationTeenage Pregnancy TrendsTraits of Teen MothersTeenage MothersChildren of Teenage MothersSlide 39Motor Performance in AdulthoodExerciseAging and Athletic PerformanceLeading Causes of Death in Early AdulthoodSexual Activity in Emerging AdulthoodHeterosexual Attitudes and BehaviorSources of Sexual OrientationAttitudes and Behavior of Lesbians and Gay MalesSexually Transmitted InfectionsReproductive CapacityInfertilityWork on your Virtual Person!Physical Development in Adolescence & Early AdulthoodWork on your Virtual Person!Outline•Physical changes in adolescence •Puberty•Brain changes•Sleeping•Eating•Sexuality•Substance use and abuse•Physical Development in Early Adulthood•Health •SexualityDevelopment and Puberty•Adolescence: the passage from childhood to adulthood•Puberty: Process that leads to sexual maturity or fertility•period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and + bodily changes•not a single, sudden event•most noticeable changes: signs of _______________, increases in ________________________9-5Physical Changes•Sexual maturation, height, and weight •Marked weight and height gains•Muscular growth•Facial and chest hair growth in males•Pubic hair growth•Breast growth in females•Lower voice for both males and females•Menarche: Girl’s first menstruationWeight and Height and the Growth Spurt•Gender differences in early adolescence•Girls tend to out weigh tend to be as taller •Growth spurt: A rapid increase in height and weight•Typically lasts about 2 years•Results in common gawkiness•Teens become more _concern about appearanceGrowth Spurt begins 2 years earlier for girls.Girls gain approximately 3 ½ inches.Boys gain approximately 4 inchesHormones•Endocrine system’s role in puberty involves interaction: •Hypothalamus: A structure in the brain that monitors eating and sex•Pituitary gland: An important endocrine gland that controls growth and regulates other glands•Gonads: The testes in males, the ovaries in females, Concentrations increase dramtically•Increases in certain hormones•Testosterone -- hormone associated in boys with the development Estradiol is a type of estrogen•in girls it is associated with breast, uterine skeletal developmentWhat Triggers Puberty?•Leptin, a protein produced by fat cells, may be the most important signal•Rising levels of leptin signal hypothalamus•to stop inhibiting puberty and to set puberty in motion•Thyroid and adrenal cortex secrete hormones which leads to somatic•Arenarche : maturation of Adrenal glandsSecular Trend the timing of puberty •A decrease in average of pubertal onset (happening at younger ages)•Around 9-10 for girls, 11-12 for boys•Possible explanations:•Higher standard of living/better nutrition •Overweight (% body fat for hormones)•Relationship with _______(Pheromones)Pubertal or Maturational Timing•Individual’s _______________•Where is adolescent comparatively?•__________: in sync with standards, age-mates•______________: being early or latePubertal Timing effects: Boys•Early Maturation•Positives:•Positive self perception•More successful relations•Negatives:•Weak identity development•Late maturation•Negatives •Less successful adolescent relationships/roles•Positives: •Strong identity and career developmentPubertal timing and girls•Early maturation is a disadvantage•Weigh more/shorter than peers•Vulnerable • Have older friends• More likely to smoke, drink, eating disorders• Seek early independence from parents•Outcomes• Depression• Anxiety• Body dissatisfaction/low self-esteem• Less likely to graduate Highschool• More like to cohabitate/marry earlyAdolescent Body Image•Preoccupation is strong throughout adolescence•More dissatisfied with bodies during early adolescence•Girls are more dissatisfied•& have poorer body imageBrain DevelopmentBrain Development•Adolescents’ brains undergo significant structural changes •corpus callosum -- thickens and this improves ability to process information•prefrontal cortex - doesn’t finish until 18 to 25 years of age or later•amygdala -- the seat of emotions such as anger – matures earlier than the prefrontal cortexIn class activity 4-1 (page 61)•Watch the video, answer the questions, and prepare for a class discussion.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GPMP68QP698SleepingSleep Needs•Delayed sleep preference: Adolescents go to bed later and sleep in later •Average sleep declines to less than 8 hours at age 16•Most adolescents do not get enough sleepEating Disorders•Anorexia Nervosa•Self-starvation; distorted body image•Bulimia Nervosa•Bingeing and undoing of caloric intake on regular basisTreatment of Anorexia and Bulimia•Immediate goal is to get patient to eat and gain weight•Patients may be hospitalized if severely malnourished•Behavior Therapy – reward eating•Cognitive Therapy – change body imageDrug Use and Abuse•Substance Use•Harmful use of alcohol or other drugs•Dependence or Addiction•Can be psychological or physiological•Especially dangerous for adolescentsAdolescents Drink Less Frequently Than Adults, But Drink More Per OccasionSource: SAMHSA National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2003 Drinking days/ monthUsual # drinks/ occasion4.619.064.652.65Underage 12-17 Adult 26 and olderDirect Consequences•5,000 among youth under 21 per year•Physical and sexual assaults; unwanted/unintended sexual activity•Altered academic/vocational trajectories•Possible adverse effects on developing brainAlcohol Abuse in Early Adulthood•11% of men, 3% of women are heavy drinkers•about one-third are alcoholics•Genetic, cultural factors•Causes mental, physical