1. Define culture (both high and standard) and what evidence indicates that chimps have culture?. Culture consists of the beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics common to themembers of a particular group or society. Through culture, people and groups definethemselves, conform to society’s shared values, and contribute to society. Thus, cultureincludes many societal aspects: language, customs, values, norms, mores, rules, tools,technologies, products, organizations, and institutions. High culture – generally pursued bythe upper class – refers to classical music, theater, fine arts, and other sophisticated pursuits.These cultural factors are passed along by communication and imitation from one generationto the next. For these reasons, chimpanzees copy their parents’ behaviors, with looking attheir parents closely over and over. Such practices include various forms of tool use,including hammer and pestles; courtship rituals such as leaf-clipping, where leaves areclipped noisily with the teeth; social behaviors such as overhead hand-clasping during mutualgrooming; and methods for eradicating parasites by either stabbing or squashing them.Furthermore, other chimps’ troop also do but in slightly different ways. These featuresindicate chimps have culture.2. In what ways do tool making and use manifest culture, including the differences between two or more populations of chimps.Chimp’ troops are often distinct from one another, possessing collections of up to 20traditions or customary behaviors that altogether seem to form unique cultures. Consideringtheir way to make tools and use tools, chimps’ groups, for example, use hammer for crushingnut but in different materials that one group uses a hard wood, and other group uses a hardstone. In the ways to eat ants, one group uses short stick to gather ants in the small hall withusing one hand, but other group uses a long stick with using two hands. Each group of youngchimps copies their adult chimps, and its ways are passed on over generations.3. Do chimps have a sense of the aesthetic? Cite evidence presented here and evaluate this evidence.. I think chimps have a sense of the aesthetic after seeing a one chimp draws painting,appreciating water streaming and falling. First, one chimp’s painting looks abstract and nomeaning but he appears to try to draw something. Second, one chimp’s watching andtouching water streaming with fascinated eyes. Third, another one chimp’s beholding waterfall with hanging on some tree. These three evidences indicate they have a sense of theaesthetic. These evidences are not great to prove their sense of the aesthetic, and these arechild’s level. However, these are somehow critical evidences that chimps have a sense of theaesthetic.4. Do chimps have a sense of morality, including Machiavellian intelligence and a capacity for politics. Be sure to define Machiavellian intelligence.-Machiavellian intelligence: the capacity of an entity to be in a successful politicalengagement with social groups. - Chimps have a sense of morality. Chimpanzees live in large multiple-male and multiple-female social groups called communities. Within a community, a definite social hierarchy isdictated by the position of an individual and the influence the individual has on others.Chimpanzees live in a leaner hierarchy in which more than one individual may be dominantenough to dominate other members of lower rank. A dominant is the highest-ranking malewhich controls the group and maintains order during any disputes. Female chimpanzees alsohave a hierarchy which is influenced by the position of a female individual within a group. Insome chimpanzee communities, the young females may inherit high status from a high-ranking mother. The females will also form allies to dominate lower-ranking females. Incontrast to males, which have a main purpose of acquiring dominant status for access tomating privileges and sometimes violent domination of subordinates, females acquiredominant status for access to resources such as food. High-ranking females will often get firstaccess to resources. In general, both genders acquire dominant status to improve socialstanding within a group. It is often the females who choose the alpha male. For a malechimpanzee to win the alpha status, he must gain acceptance from the females in thecommunity. Females have to make sure their group is going to places that supply them withenough food. In some cases, a group of dominant females will oust an alpha male which isnot to their preference and rather back up the other male who they see potential of leading thegroup as a successful alpha male.5. To what extent do nonhuman primates show a sense of altruism? Give examples.. Chimpanzees can be altruistic just like humans. According to the video, orphaned chimps were adopted by other chimps in the wild. The kind-hearted chimp parents were discovered inthe video. The adoptive caregivers, both male and female, devote large amounts of time and effort to protect their young chimps, without any obvious gain to themselves. Another example of chimps’ altruism in the video is that one chimp in a zoo took care of an unconscious child in the cage.6. What evidence does the video present for the chimps sense of the supernatural?The evidences in the video that chimps sense of the supernatural are that watching stream.7. Taken together, have the contributors made the case that theboundaries between apes and human culture are less thanrigid. The grade will be based not on your conclusion, but howwell you argue for and support whatever conclusion at whichyou arrive? (value: 10 points).. For example, in the video, a mother chimp does not have a good stone hammer, but his sonhas it though. Therefore the mother chimp assumes to be generous with grooming his son’sback tenderly. After stopping the mother’s grooming, the son turns back and grooms hismother. During her son’s grooming the mother chimp takes the son’s good stone hammerwith her face smiling. This is a evidence for his mother doing decent. Furthermore, chimpshave a