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GSU GEOL 1122K - CHAPTER 7 QUIZ

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CHAPTER 7 READING QUIZAccording to this metamorphic facies graph, which of the following statements is TRUE? Blueschist facies rocks form at high pressures and low temperatures. Hornfels facies rocks form in a narrow range of temperature conditions (<400°C). Greenschist facies form at depths greater than 35 km. The highest pressure facies indicated on this graph is the hornfels facies.FEEDBACK: Blueschist facies rocks do form under high pressure but low temperature conditions. However, hornfels facies rocks form under a wide range of temperatures, greenschistfacies form at depths less than ~35 km, and the highest pressure facies on this diagram is the eclogite facies.Choose the listing that shows the rocks in increasing degrees of metamorphism (i.e., from lower to higher grade). migmatite, metaconglomerate, gneiss metaconglomerate, gneiss, migmatite gneiss, metaconglomerate, migmatite gneiss, migmatite, metaconglomerateFEEDBACK: Metaconglomerate is barely metamorphosed (see Fig. 7.5c); higher heat changesthe rock into a gneiss (Fig. 7.6a); and migmatite has been so strongly heated, some rock has melted and become new igneous rock. Identify the FALSE statement. Hydrothermal fluids may consist of hot water, gases, or supercritical fluids. can accelerate metamorphic reactions. change a rock's chemical composition, a process known as exhumation. can be derived from groundwater or magma, or can be the product of metamorphic reactions.FEEDBACK: They do change the chemical composition, but the process is known as metasomatism. Exhumation means that deeply buried rocks can eventually be exposed at Earth's surface. Metamorphic aureoles typically contain nonfoliated rock like hornfels because they form adjacent to an intruding pluton, which provides heat for metamorphism. they form as a consequence of shearing without a subsequent change in temperatureor pressure. compressional forces associated with mountain building provide the necessary pressure to create hornfels. they form at shallow burial depths (less than 8 km).FEEDBACK: Aureoles typically form around igneous intrusions by contact/thermal metamorphism. The addition of heat, but little pressure, produces nonfoliated metamorphic rocks.Quartzite is basically a solid mass of interlocking quartz grains. breaks around the separate grains of quartz that make it up. is always either white or gray. always shows strong compositional banding.FEEDBACK: Quartzite is a nonfoliated (no banding) metamorphic rock that may be white, gray,purple, or green; it breaks across, not around, its component grains. Recrystallization occurs when rocks become warm enough that they behave like soft plastic. results in the growth of new minerals that differ from the protolith. changes the texture (shape and size) of the grains. is a process by which grains push against one another, creating dissolution.FEEDBACK: The recrystallization process doesn't change the identity or chemical composition of the mineral, it just produces larger crystals of the mineral so it changes the texture of the grains. Plastic deformation occurs when rocks behave like soft plastic; neocrystallization forms new minerals that differ from the protolith; and pressure solution occurs when grains push against each other and cause dissolution.Tension (a type of stress) is created by a pull perpendicular to a surface. is the reason a balloon collapses when you take it to the bottom of a pool. occurs when rocks move sideways relative to each other. is a compression exerted equally from all sides.FEEDBACK: Tension is a stress created by pulling perpendicular to a surface, such as grabbing two ends of a piece of taffy and pulling your hands apart. A balloon collapses in a pool because of pressure; shear occurs when rocks move sideways; and pressure (again) occurs when compression is exerted equally from all sides. What is the protolith of marble? quartz sandstonelimestone phyllite gypsumFEEDBACK: A protolith is the parent rock that is metamorphosed into a different rock; metamorphosed limestone is marble. What type of foliation does slate, a common material used for roof shingles, exhibit? banding cleavage schistosity metamorphic differentiationFEEDBACK: Slate is used in roofing because its slaty cleavage causes it to break in regular, thinsheets (see Fig. 7.4). Which is NOT a common process by which metamorphic rocks are formed? pressure solution plastic deformation schistosity recrystallization FEEDBACK: Schistosity is not a process; it is the type of foliation in schists that results from the preferred orientation of large mica flakes. Which of the following does NOT describe a change induced on protolith rocks due to mountain building as a result of convergent-margin tectonics and continental collision? Surface rock is sent to great depths beneath the new mountain belt. The once surface rock heats up due to igneous activity and the geothermal gradient.Hot magma rising beneath the converging continents heats seawater, which then rises through the crust to react with the surface rocks. Compression and shearing metamorphose the once surface rock.FEEDBACK: During hydrothermal metamorphism at mid-ocean ridges, hot magma rises beneath the ridge axis, where it heats seawater to create hydrothermal fluids—but this does not happen during mountain building. Which of the following is NOT a common metamorphic facies? greenschist blueschist granulite maficFEEDBACK: The term mafic refers to minerals and/or rocks that are high in iron and magnesium; it does not refer to a metamorphic facies. See Box 7.1 for further explanation of each facies and formation conditions. Which of the following locations could not possibly be part of a shield? Hawaii Canada Northern Europe SiberiaFEEDBACK: Shields are the oldest areas of Earth's surface; Hawaii is a recently formed hot-spot island.Which of the following metamorphic processes is depicted in this before (left) and after (right) image, where spherical grains dissolve on the sides that undergo significant pressure and newmineral material precipitates where the pressure is low?. plastic deformation recrystallization neocrystallization pressure solutionFEEDBACK: This image shows the process of pressure solution. Grains that were once spherical dissolve on the sides experiencing pressure where they push against neighboring grains. The dissolved ions migrate away and new minerals precipitate in the regions of low


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