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GSU GEOL 1122K - Chapter 2 Visual Quiz

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 During subduction, one tectonic plate is forced beneath another. In this image, an oceanicplate is subducting under another oceanic plate. What geologic feature is being created inthe image? a forearc basin a backarc basin a mid-ocean ridge a volcanic island arcSubduction commonly leads to volcanism. In this case, new volcanic islands have beenproduced. This type of activity has given rise to the island nation of Japan, as well as theAleutian Islands extending off the southwest coast of Alaska. In the following figure, the magnetic anomaly pattern is mirrored on either side of the central ridge. What is responsible for this pattern? Seafloor spreading builds new crust equally on both sides of the ridge.The magnetic anomalies follow a repetitious pattern in mantle convection. The anomalies follow El Niño /La Niña cycles The anomalies follow Milenkovich cycles based on orbital dynamics.This image is of a mid-ocean ridge. These are divergent-plate boundaries, meaning that newmaterial is created at the ridge. As the material spreads away from the central ridge, any changesin the Earth's magnetic field will be mirrored almost exactly. Multiple types of plate boundaries can often be found in close proximity to one another.Below is an image of the Juan de Fuca plate subducting beneath Washington and Oregonin the American Northwest. Match the type of plate boundary with the correct letter onthe image. A - Convergent, B - Divergent, C - Transform A - Divergent, B - Transform, C - Convergent A - Transform, B - Divergent, C - Convergent A - Transform, B - Convergent, C - DivergentThe Juan de Fuca plate is subducting beneath the North American plate at the Cascade trench.Spreading centers are indicated by the red bars off shore. Arrows show the shear motion of thetransform boundaries between spreading centers. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions of Pangea indicate that regional climates during thePaleozoic were significantly different than they are today. Looking at the followingfigure, which statement about climate and associated rock deposits from the Paleozoic isFALSE? Desert sands were deposited in South America. Coal swamps were present along the east coast of the United States. India was partially glaciated. Coral reefs were found in North America, Europe, and Asia.Though South America had both glaciated areas and coal swamps, sand dunes were not commonto the continent. That is very different from today, where Peru is home to the Atacama Desert,the driest place on Earth. The constant motion of tectonic plates leads to convergent, divergent, and transform-plateboundaries. Which type of structure is shown in the figure below? a subduction zone a mid-ocean ridge a passive margin a strike-slip faultThe image shows where two plates are being pulled apart, leading to volcanic activity andfaulting. This is a submarine divergent-plate boundary. The distribution of various geological features can be used to recreate what the worldlooked like millions of years ago. This figure shows the location and direction of glacialstriations, which are indicators of the direction of glacial movement. Based on thisinformation, where was the pole located?Antarctica North America Australia Southern AfricaThe continents of South America, Antarctica, Africa, and Australia can be reconstructed to formthe polar region of Earth from 260-280 Mya. The glacial striations radiate away fromsoutheastern Africa, suggesting it was the pole. The following figures show what happens when two continents collide. In the upperfigure, oceanic crust is being subducted until the continents collide. The bottom figureshows the collision. What happens to the subducting plate when continents collide? The subducting plate is uplifted into a volcanic-island arc. The subducting plate becomes detached and the convergent boundary suturesbecome closed, leaving a single plate.The subducting plate creates a transform-plate boundary. The subducting plate creates a backarc basin.Continent-to-continent collisions lead to extensive mountain building and the eventual end of theconvergent boundary as two plates fuse into one. This result occurs because continental crust istoo buoyant to be subducted. The lithosphere is the rigid part of the mantle, while the asthenosphere is the relatively more fluid portion. The following figure shows the spatial relationship between the Earth's crust, lithosphere, and asthenosphere. Which of the following statements regarding the figure is FALSE?Continental lithosphere is thinner than oceanic lithosphere.The asthenosphere is denser than the lithosphere.Oceanic crust is thinner than continental crust.Oceanic lithosphere sinks deeper into the asthenosphere than continental lithosphere.Continental lithosphere is much thicker than oceanic lithosphere. As a result of the extra mass,the continental lithosphere settles deeper into the relatively softer asthenosphere, much like aheavily loaded boat will settle deeper into the sea. This figure shows the mid-Atlantic ridge, south of Iceland. The arrows show theorientation of Earth's magnetic field as it has reversed several times over the last 180Million Years. What information can be determined based on the width of the differentanomaly rock units? the severity of the magnetic anomaly the relative duration of the anomaly the rate of crustal uplift the depth of the ocean at the time the anomaly was createdBecause new crust is being formed at the mid-ocean ridge at a fairly constant rate, we cansurmise that wider anomaly units represent longer durations of time. Through plate tectonics, plates move about the Earth, slamming into, pulling away from,and sliding past one another. Match the images from the figure below with theappropriate boundary name.A - Convergent, B - Divergent, C - Transform A - Transform, B - Convergent, C - Divergent A - Divergent, B - Convergent, C - Transform A - Divergent, B - Transform, C - ConvergentDivergent boundaries are found at ocean ridges and continental-rift zones. Convergentboundaries occur where plates collide. Subduction and mountain building commonly result.Transform boundaries occur where plates slide past one


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