POLS 1101: American Government (Fall 2017)Dr. Michael EvansStudy Guide for Exam 3I. Ch. 10: Political PartiesA. What is a partisan realignment? a. A durable shift in a political system’s configuration of voter’s partisanidentifications and political parties vote shares. B. How, according to the textbook, do political parties” provide a vital function inany democratic system”?a. They put together shifting coalitions of voters attracted to various issues;promote compromise and cooperation among various interests. C. How did the issue of slavery factor into the demise of the Whig Party, the loss ofmajority-party status by Democrats, and the rise of the Republican Party?a. Whigs  Were less unified on slavery b. Democrats  Were split on issue of slavery c. Republics  Were able to draw in antislavery democrats that led to therepublican majorityD. What led to the development of the Democratic Party as a majority party in the1930s? a. FDR’s New Deal E. Why did the civil rights movement present a long-lasting challenge to theDemocratic Party’s coalition that originally emerged in the 1930s?a. President reached out to blacks in a way that concerned many southernwhites and led them to vote for third party candidates b. Raised question: How can democrats appeal to southern whites andminorities at the same time?F. Why do we only have two major parties? a. Winner take all electoral system b. Difficult for third parties to get on the ballot c. A lack of funding for third parties G. What are third parties? Be sure to know the different major third parties in theUnited States since 1992.a. A literal third party or minority party. b. Reform party, green party and libertarian party. H. What are proto-parties? What separates them from third parties? What are recentexamples of proto-parties?a. A group of individuals affiliated with one ideological wing of the existingparties, but are neither breakaway groups nor officially sanctioned parts ofexisting parties b. Tea party republicans I. What are parties in government and how do they differ from parties in theelectorate?a. Party in government Elected officials from a party b. Party in electorate  All voters who identify with a party in a given area. J. What, according the textbook, is the most notable trend in regard to the party inthe electorate over the past four decades? a. Rise of independent voters K. Make sure that you understand the decentralized nature of our political parties andwhat it means for party politics.a. It aims to give citizens or their elected representatives more power inpublic decision making. L. Many Democrats think the nomination of Hillary Clinton in 2016 signaled afailure of the party’s system for nominating presidential candidates. What problemdo these critics see with the system?a. It allowed to elite party too much influence at the expense of ordinaryvotes. M. Many Republicans think the nomination of Donald Trump in 2016 signaled afailure of party’s system for nominating presidential candidates. What problem dothese critics see with the system?a. That the system did not allow party elites to have enough influence overthe party’s choice of nominee. N. What seven things do national party conventions do (according to the textbook)?a. Determine the rules for the business party b. Bring together diverse groups in the party c. Develop and provide exposure for upcoming party leaders d. Debate and wrote the party platform e. Showcase the party’s image f. Nominate the president and vice president g. Launch the campaign O. What is a party platform? When do parties adopt them?a. A document that is developed at party’s national convention andestablishes what the party stands for. P. Why, according to the textbook, has the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act(BCRA) of 2002 had a mixed impact on the ability for parties to influencecandidates’ campaigns?a. On one hand, in part by using the power of the internet. Parties have beenable to raise money from small donors to raise the revenue that hadformerly been raised through soft money b. On the other hand, large donors now have an increased ability to seek toinfluence campaigns without the help of a political party organization.II. Ch. 11: Organized Interest GroupsA. Make sure to know and understand the definition of interest groups? a. An association of individuals or organizations that seeks to influencegovernment to benefit members of the association or advance a cause theyshare a belief in. B. How do interest groups differ from political parties?a. Political parties are responsible for all the citizens and interest groups areonly responsible for their members. C. Be sure to understand the relationship between interest groups and the FirstAmendment.a. The courts have long recognized that the first amendment protects theright to join political associations for the purpose of petitioninggovernment for a redress of grievances. D. What is pluralism? a. Model of American politics that says government is influenced by theeffects of multiple minority organized groups with opposing interests andvalues. E. How does pluralism differ from majoritarianism, elite theory, and biasedpluralism?a. Elite theory and biased pluralism reject the idea of pluralism andmajoritarianism F. What is meant by hyperpluralism?  A critical account of American politics which holds that theprevalence of interest groups putting pressure on governmentmakes it impossible for the government to plan, deal with longterm problems and make policies that further the public interest. a. What are some negative consequences of hyperpluralism? Gridlock which is the inability of government to make orimplement any decision. G. What are the two broad categories of interest groups in the United States?a. Economic and non-economic groups H. What are the different types of economic interest groups? a. Business Interest, General Business Organizations, Trade Associations,Professional Associations, Organized Labor. I. How do they differ in the policies that they pursue? a. Most purse connections and memberships because then