POLS 207 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I Expenditures a Federal vs State b Texas vs Other States Outline of Current Lecture II Continued State Expenditures A Ranking tables available on lecture slides III State Differences and Relationships IV Graph data a Correlations b Empirical Relationships in Scatter plots and Correlations Current Lecture Mississippi and Louisiana are the poorest states Wyoming has a low poverty rate Homeless per 100 000 people Oregon and Nevada have a high percentage of homeless people TANF benefits in Texas you have to have a very low monthly income to gain these benefits states such as Virginia and Michigan are fairly generous Southern states as a whole are not very generous due to low taxes meaning they receive less services and benefits High School Completion Southern states have a low rate of high school completion Texas does better with college completion than high school completion 25 9 of Texas students complete college 1 in 2 Asians have a degree 1 in 3 white people have a degree 17 18 African Americans 12 Hispanics Violent Crimes per 100 000 States such as Louisiana Florida Nevada and Tennessee have a high rate of violent crime Texas is fairly high but not as bad as those states Low violent crime rates are states such as New Hampshire Property crimes Southern states have extremely high rates except for Mississippi Texas is among those high states Lower states are in the North East and Mid North such as Maine Idaho Wyoming the Dakotas and the Virginias Texas has the most executions by far 474 people since 1976 Life Expectancy is high in California Arizona Colorado and New York etc but low in many of the Southern states Low general expenditures are states such as Texas Arizona and Oklahoma etc because they collect very little money from taxes and many of these states have a balanced budget in their Constitution Chapter 2 Are there patterns of state differences Is there a pattern to Texas politics and policies Correlations A technique for expressing relationships in quantitative terms The degrees of inherent association which exists between any two variables occurring simultaneously in the same universe Abraham N Franzblau Empirical Relationships in Scatterplots and Correlations Minimum strength threshold Anything above 0 3 there is a relationship Direction of Relationship Positive when increasing one indicator increases the indicator Slope goes up from left to right Negative when you increase one indicator the other decreases This doesn t affect the strength of the relationship Possible Interpretations This determines the cause and effect of the relationship beyond just whether there is a relationship or not
View Full Document
Unlocking...