Hofstede’s Cultural DimensionsPower distance (PDI)Uncertainty AvoidanceIndividualism - collectivismMasculinity - Femininity (Career success – quality of life)Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions“National cultures in four dimensions: A research theory of cultural differences among nations.” International Studies of Management and Organization. Vol. 13, Spring-summer 1983, p. 52Power distance (PDI)Lowest USA HighestAustria = 11 40 Malaysia = 104Israel = 15 Guatemala = 95The degree of inequalities of power and wealth in a given society(high score = high power distance)Uncertainty AvoidanceLowest USA HighestSingapore = 8 46 Greece = 112Jamaica = 13 Portugal = 104How societies deal with uncertainty about the future and the Unknown (high score = more structuring)Individualism - collectivismLowest USA HighestGuatemala = 6 91 Great Britain = 89Finland = 8 Australia = 90An individual’s relationships to others in the group; nature of social bonds (high score = more individualistic)Masculinity - Femininity (Career success – quality of life)Lowest USA HighestSweden = 5 62 Japan = 95Norway = 8 Austria = 79Extent to which a society values stereotypically competitive, performance-oriented masculine traits to nurturing, relationships feminine traits (High score =
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