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IC LNGS 23200 - Ch 5 Phonetics

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QUIZPowerPoint PresentationChapter 51. What is phonetics? What do linguist specialists in the field--phoneticians--do and why? What is the “use” of phonetics?What are the sub-branches of phonetics?What is the “continuity of the speech signal”? In what way can it cause problems for speakers, especially those newly acquiring a language? Give examples.List and describe (i.e., location and general physiology) the key anatomical areas of the vocal tractHow is a consonant different from a vowel? How do phoneticians categorize consonants? How do phoneticians describe vowels?Slide 9Consonants: Places of ArticulationConsonants: Manner of ArticulationSlide 12Slide 13VOWELS: Place of articulationSlide 15Vowels: Manner of articulationSlide 17What is the IPA and why was it developed?NOW YOU PRACTICE!What’s the difference between broad and narrow phonetic transcriptions?What are the three main prosodic (also known as suprasegmental) features language? Which of these does English use to express differences in meaning? What about Mandarin and Tai?Slide 22QUIZ1. Which of the following is NOT a manner of articulation:a. nasalization b. voicing c. frication d. palatalization2. In order to make a consonant like ‘b’ voiced, you vibrate the folds of the…a. velum b. glottis c. labials d. alveolar ridge3. How would a phonetician describe an ‘s’?a. glottal b. alveolar c. interdental d. palatal4. When two sounds are articulated at the same time, like the voiced palatal [d ] and the voiceless palatal [t ], phoneticians refer to these as: ʒ ʃa. stops b. fricatives c. glides d. affricates5.. Consonants are generally described according to place and __ of articulation. a. manner b. duration c. intensity d. easeChapter 5Phonetics: The sounds of language1. What is phonetics? What do linguist specialists in the field--phoneticians--do and why? What is the “use” of phonetics? •The scientific study of sounds of language: the physiology and physics involved in speech production, transmission, and reception•Phoneticians use this science to:–Explore, document, & even alphabetize languages of the world–inform clinical speech therapists with developing techniques and exercises for their patients–provide knowledge base for speech recognition software, especially the physical properties of sound2. What are the sub-branches of phonetics?•Articulatory–How we use our speech organs to create sounds: tongue placement, vocal chord activity, lungs, etc.•Acoustic–What are the physical properties of sound: Sound waves (wave forms, spectrographs, frequencies, duration, intensity, etc.)•Auditory–How does our aural faculty (outer, middle, inner ear) negotiate physical properties of sound, transferring these to our brain for processing3. What is the “continuity of the speech signal”? In what way can it cause problems for speakers, especially those newly acquiring a language? Give examples. •In normal rapid speech, we string segments of sound together so quickly that it is often difficult to determine—even with special speech analysis instruments—where a sound ends and another segment begins.–When you’re just talking like you usually do it’s sometimes hard to get a sense of what someone could’ve heard.•Speakers can often misinterpret what they hear, sometimes leading to language change: –Grade A = grey day–I scream = ice cream–Make ends meet = Make end’s meat–A nickname < ‘ekename’–An adder < ‘nadder’4. List and describe (i.e., location and general physiology) the key anatomical areas of the vocal tract•Consonants–Place of articulation: where in vocal tract?–Manner of articulation: how through vocal tract?•Vowels–Tongue position–Lip rounding–Diphthong vs. monophthong–Nasalization–Tense vs. lax8Place of articulationManner of articulation5. How is a consonant different from a vowel? How do phoneticians categorize consonants? How do phoneticians describe vowels?•BILABIALS: bumble bee pod–[p] [b] [m]•LABIO-DENTALS: Flav-a-Flav–[f] [v] •INTERDENTALS: hither and thither–[θ] [ð]•ALVEOLARS: Sally sells seashells in neither rain nor drizzle–[t] [d] [n] [s] [z] [l] [r]•PALATALS: Judge Ship-Shape Following Charges from Crash–[ ] [ ] [t ] [d ]ʃ ʒ ʃ ʒ•GLOTTAL: Ho-ho-ho! –[h]•VELAR: Kids get things for Christmas–[k] [g] [ŋ]Consonants: Places of ArticulationUniversity of Iowa Phonetics Animation**CLICK BELOW**Consonants: Places of ArticulationPLACE  MANNERConsonants: Manner of ArticulationSTOPS[p] [b] [t] [d] [g] [k]AFFRICATES[tʃ] church[dʒ] jury FRICATIVES[θ] think[ð] these [f] [v] [ʃ] ship [ʒ] leisure [h] ho-ho-hoNASAL[m] [n] - many [ŋ] singLIQUIDS[l] [ɹ] squirrelConsonants: Manner of ArticulationGLIDES[w] witch[ʍ] which[j]VOICING[p] vs. [b], [s] vs. [z] [t] vs. [d][g] vs. [k]ASPIRATION[ph] [th] vs. [sp] [st] pit top spit stopTRILLS or FLAPS Spanish [ɾ] & [r]: pero vs. perro English [ɾ]: butter CLICKStsk, languages in AfricaEJECTIVES (ca. 20% world’s lang.)p’, k’ [Navajo (Athabaskan), Caucasian languages]VOWELS: Place of articulation•Is the tongue low, mid, or high?– [i] – [u] [e] – [o] [ae]•Is the tongue in the front, central or back?–[e] – [a]•Are the lips rounded or unrounded?–[a] – [u]OboatRoundedTongue Location: VowelsVowels: Manner of articulation•Diphthong vs. Monophthong–boy [o ] vs. be [i]--- route [a ] vs. root [u] ɪ ʊpine [a ] vs. pin [ ]ɪ ɪ•Nasalization vs. Oral–plane [ ] vs. plate [e]; - under [ ] vs. udder e ʌʌ[ ] – home [o] vs. hope [o]ʌ•Tense vs. Lax –peat [i] vs. pit [ ] --- late [e] vs. let [ɪ ]ɛ --- food [u] vs. foot [ ] --- boat [o] vs. but [ ]ʊ ʌThe Sounds of English6. What is the IPA and why was it developed?•A catalogue of symbols that represents all speech sounds, and not just those represented by a standardized writing system, such as an alphabet. E.g. ‘though’ = [ðo]NOW YOU PRACTICE!•judge–[dʒʌdʒ] •with –[wɪθ]•bite –[baɪt]•wring–[riŋ]•say– [se]•yikes– [jaɪks]•shook– [ʃʊk]•chuck •[t k]ʃʌ•that•[ðæt]•shout• [ a t]ʃ ʊ•whipped•[ʍɪpt]7. What’s the difference between broad and narrow phonetic transcriptions?•Narrow transcripts indicate physical acoustic details of speech: nasalization,


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