HIST 106 2nd Edition Lecture 1Outline of Current LectureI. ReconstructionII. Election of 1876Current Lecture- Where the United States is at the end of reconstructiono 1865-end of the Civil War The war had been very brutal (the bloodiest conflict in the history of the United States because it was only US soldiers being killed) and had made a great dent in the population of the US Many opinions on what should be done with the south (the Union had won the war)- A lot of Radical Republicans thought that the south needed to pay for the warthat they had started due to their secession- They felt that the south should not be readmitted to the Union and be a conquered territoryo Lincoln’s approach to Reconstruction Lincoln had a softer approach to reconstruction as he did think that some people needed to be punished not by death but by stripping of their political rights Lincoln also thought that only 10% of the southern population had to swear allegiance to the Union Lincoln did not live to see his Reconstruction as he was assassinated o Johnson’s approach to Reconstruction The radical Republicans initially thought that Johnson being put into the presidential seat because Johnson hated plantation owners because they took opportunity away from small farmers Johnson was easily wooed by the southerners and granted out pardons to everyone When Johnson was done with his “reconstruction”, there were former high-ranking confederates were back in power in the south- Congressional Reconstructiono Military Reconstruction Act Divided the south into 5 military district and each was ruled by a general All of the generals were put with the power that they would make sure that all congressional reconstruction took place in their district They made sure that the 13th and 14th amendments were put into place For the first time in history, Republicans were put into congressional seats in the south due to the influx of black votes o 1870s-some whites in the south were getting fed up with the congressional reconstruction and the beginning of terrorism against blacks Klu klux klan-terrorize the blacks and there were many acts that hurt many blacks The redeemers-were really intent on restoring white supremacy in the south (getting rid of republican governments in the south, getting blacks out of congress, not allowing blacks to vote)- Getting many men together for “shooting club” and having armed up rises against a county with a black in administrative power- Many innocent blacks were killed and this group fed a lot of feeling of anxiety- Started becoming a very big problem in the early to mid 1870s and President Grant was adamant on cracking down on the violence in the south Panic of 1873-really hit the southern economy hard and the price of cotton fell byhalf- Drove a lot of people out of business and drove a lot of people in to sharecropping - Sharecropper-lived and farmed on someone else’s land and they would farm the land and get to keep a portion of the land for themselves and the landowner would get a portion- The sharecroppers would usually be starting from nothing and they would geta loan from the landowner for the materials needed for farming and they would usually never be out of debt to the landowner - Nationally, Grant was blamed for the Panic of 1873, a lot of republicans were pushed out of congress and for the first time since the Civil War, the democrats controlled the HOR- Election of 1876o The north was tired of paying for the armies to be down in the south and felt that it was time that the north ends reconstructiono Reconstruction really ended in 1877 not due to fatigue about reconstruction but due to the election of 1876o Samuel Tildon vs. Rutherford B. Hays 20 electoral votes remained disputed in three states and each state said that one of the candidates of their choice had one The compromise of 1877-in return for the democrats saying that Hays won the election, the republicans would get out of the south and end reconstruction- The beginning of the Jim Crow south and the end of the second American Revolution- This will give rise to the white aristocracy in the south and will give congressional seats to the Redeemers- Once the soldiers left the south, that was the last protection the blacks had against the southern whites o America does not exist in a vacuum Even though America was not a world power in the world, there was much going on outside of America Mexico has a new emperor put in place by France, Germany and Italy become unified countries, Industrialization and urbanization begins A lot of westward movement after the Civil
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