BIO 201 EXAM I Study Guide Please note this guide can t cover everything discussed in lecture Since you are responsible for knowing the material discussed in lecture there will likely be some information on the exam that is not covered by this study guide Be able to answer discuss the following Know the seven characteristics of living organisms discussed in class comprised of cells made of different levels of organization users of energy able to respond to the environment able to grow able to reproduce able to adapt to the environment What is homeostasis How does reaction rate change with temperature in biological reactions How does reaction rate change with pH in biological reactions What is a pH optimum Know the 1st and 2nd Laws of Thermodynamics What is metabolism Anabolism Catabolism What is an exergonic reaction An endergonic reaction What is the energy of activation in an exergonic reaction Name two ways an enzyme changes a chemical reaction What is phosphorylation and what impacts can it have on biological molecules What is negative feedback Know the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic and how they are related to polar and non polar molecules What is so special about carbon atoms that make them central to our organic molecules What is an electroneutral bond Know the type of carbohydrates monosaccharides disaccharides and polysaccharides What polysaccharide is the primary form of stored carbohydrate in animal cells In plant cells What polysaccharide makes up the cell walls of plants What is the primary structure of proteins Is this structure important to the function of proteins What is the quaternary structure of proteins and is it important to their function How can that structure be changed to modulate the function of the protein What are the components of a lipid in general terms What is a saturated lipid An unsaturated lipid What are the two other names for lipids Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic Both How can we make a phospholipid from a lipid Phosphorylation What special property do we observe in phospholipid molecules Why are they so well suited for making the primary part of biological membranes In what form will phospholipids spontaneously form that resembles the primary structure of a biological membrane What characteristic of this primary structure automatically makes it selectively permeable What does it let through and what does it prevent from moving through How important is this property of semi permeability and why Based on what you know about this primary structure should water be able to pass through it Why or why not If water does pass through how does it do so What is aquaporin Define diffusion through a biological membrane What to criteria must be met for this to occur Define osmosis and explain how it operated to allow a system to move TOWARD an equilibrium Be able to list some differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells What is the cytosol What is the cytoskeleton What components did we discuss in class What are the three types of motor proteins discussed in class and what do they do how do they work What provides the energy for the shape changes in motor proteins Know the structure and function of cilia and flagella Know the parts of a true nucleus What does the nucleolus do Know the structure and functions of the two types of endoplasmic reticulum What is glycosylation Know the structure and function of the Golgi Apparatus What is the Secretory Pathway in eukaryotic cells Know the following from the handout I gave and from the reading use the handout as a guide to the depth of knowledge The handout was sent out via e mail and is also posted in Blackboard Know the structure and functions of lysosomes Know the structure and functions of vacuoles Know the structure and functions of peroxisomes Know the structure and function of mitochondria Know the structure and function of chloroplasts What are other examples of plastids besides chloroplasts END OF MATERIAL FOR EXAM I