BIO 201 Chapter 3 Study Guide Dr Sonja Pyott The chemical basis of life II Organic molecules Note You do NOT need to know about isomers parts of page 45 and 46 waxes page 53 Anfinsen s experiments page 59 the Genomes and Proteomes Connection page 60 and 61 Terms to know Organic molecule Organic chemistry Macromolecule Hydrocarbon Functional groups Methyl Hydroxyl Carbonyl Carboxyl Amino Sulfhydryl Phosphate Sulfate Polymer Monomer Dehydration reaction Hydrolysis reaction Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide Glycosidic bond Starch Glycogen Cellulose Lipids Fat Glycerol Fatty acid Saturated fatty acid Unsaturated fatty acid Phospholipid Polar head group Nonpolar tail group Bilayer Steroid Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Ribonucleic acid RNA Nucleic acid Nucleotide Nitrogenous base Purine Pyrimidines Pentose Deoxyribose Ribose Protein Polypeptide Peptide bond Amino acid Conformation Primary structure Secondary structure Tertiary structure Quaternary structure helix pleated sheet Disulfide bridge Hydrophobic effects Van der Waals forces Multimeric proteins Chaperone proteins Chaperonins Denaturation Renaturation Important Figures 3 3 3 5 3 7 3 8 3 9 3 10 3 11 3 12 3 13 3 14 general structure of amino acids 3 15 3 16 3 17 3 18 3 22 3 23 Important Tables 3 1 3 2 Learning goals At the conclusion of this module you should be able to Define the science of organic chemistry Summarize the properties of carbon that allow it to form such a diverse set of organic molecules Identify the various functional groups and describe how they contribute to the chemistry of organic molecules Identify the four classes of biological molecules describing their basic chemical Page 1 of 2 BIO 201 Chapter 3 Study Guide Dr Sonja Pyott compositions and importance to living organisms Generalize how large macromolecules are polymers of subunits of single monomers Identify the types of covalent bonds that join individual monomers of the different classes of biological molecules Describe dehydration and hydrolysis reactions and contrast their dependence on water and whether they are used to make or break polymers List the atoms that comprise carbohydrates and their relative ratios Compare and contrast the structure and function of monosaccharides disaccharides and polysaccharides Provide examples of important carbohydrates Compare and contrast the structure and function of the three different types of lipids fats phospholipids and steroids Describe the components of a nucleotide Compare and contrast DNA and RNA in terms of chemical composition and basic cellular function Describe the general structure of an amino acid and the importance of the R group in determining the chemistry of the amino acid Discriminate the four levels of protein structure and provide examples of each level Describe the two basic types of secondary structure of a polypeptide Describe five factors that influence tertiary structure of a polypeptide Define protein denaturation and predict the consequences for protein function List at least five functions of proteins Page 2 of 2