UGC 112 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Current Lecture I. Transforming Japan, Southeast Asia and Africaa. Main Pointsb. Sejong the Greatc. Europe in 1875II.Second Industrial Revolution III. British, Dutch, and French in SE AsiaIV. Africa’s Changing Mapa. Scramble for AfricaV. Global Economic IntegrationCurrent LectureNations and Empires, 3Transforming Japan, Southeast Asia and AfricaQuestionsLooking at the spread of empire. Singular deliberately. Talk about process. Steps involved in the internal transformation of Japan contrast with the changes occurring in Southeast Asia and Africa. Interested in being comparative with world civilizationsMain Points- How did new materials and technologies transform industries and global economy?o Entrepreneur—you’re going to go look for it. Country living off taxation, going to look for it- How did expansion affect non-European societies?o Contemporary Relevance o ‘Punctuated equilibrium’ again?o What about ‘neocolonialism’JO-eun-achim-imnidaThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Sejong the Great—born in 1397 and lived until 1450; he presided over a Korea that had roughly same boundaries as today. He created the Korean script, the finest script in the world. It is phonetic and fits exactly. There was a conscious attempt to eliminate Korean. When Japan annexed Korea, it banned the use of Korean and imposed Japanese insteadEurope in 1875RussiaBritishOttomanFrenchAustria HungaryGermany PortugalEurope was a continent that was moving outward for a variety of reasons.‘Second Industrial Revolution’- More countries joinedStarted in England. There were a whole host of new industries that developed on the basis on varied technologies. Examples: Sung dynasty china in the 10th century with steel, an opportunity to redevelop. They had chemicals, telegraph system, pharmaceutics, and electricity. In this whole set of changes, preeminent position of Britain was challenged. Some of Britain’s big challengers were France and Germany. - Competition was increased as more and more countries joined. They needed raw materials to gowith things they had developed.- New materials technologieso In 1750, the per capita level of industrialization was about equal in Europe and the developing world. o 1900, England had 50xo In 1800, Europe controlled about 35% of the land’s surface. 1878, 2/3. 1984 over 84% What a transformation in terms of global politics- Britain as hegemon: had 2% of the world’s population. Britain was up at the top. 155 times that of Russia. This one country controlled 45% of the world’s commerce.- Darwin’s Revolution—in his day the Bible was taken as literal truth. Intense analysis he did, the way finches adapted in different environments. The world was not created at a specific definabledate.Japan Becomes Industrialized- Sonno joi- Honor the emperor—an important concept. Japan has a ruling house whose rules go way back. This is deep rooted in Japan’s sense of identity. C- Expel the Barbarian—tokugawa 1863-1868. Government said “we have to do it on our own. Goodbye missionaries.” This notion of self-sufficiency is important for many a developing country. Use your institutions and focus on your own country. - External pressures—came from England, the United States. Japanese were very impressed by steam power and cannons etc.- Meiji regime—restoration 1868. The shift in government was seen as going back to the past, it was a fundamental shift in paradigm (ways of thinking). Use tradition fro a justification for things that are new. Trying to do emperor proud by doing things such as followingo Tokugawa had abolished use of military weapons except for swordso Railroadso Allowing the right to vote 1892, was extended to a whole 1% of the population- A hard homeland-Japan is a tough place to live. 1. Basically a chain of mountains, 14% of its land is arable. The rice paddies are small and tended by hand. They have to be crafted and given intense attention, not treated mechanically.2. Glaciers, Volcanoes, Plates, TsunamisBritish, Dutch and French in SE AsiaDutch East Indies called Indonesia (13,000 plus countries) Tip of Sumatra is basically where Portugal is, extends all the way to Timor. SingaporeMalaysia ruled by the BritishThe French are up in the far northeast corner, Portugal was in there tooAfrica’s Changing MapSpain in north, grabbed an area called Spanish moroccoFrench expanded to take over large parts of AfricaDutch in the south and British contending over South Africa.Italy grabbed country known as Somalia plus Libya- Military Disciplinary—Europe had machine guns, Scramble for AfricaBy 1844, there was a real danger of war between European states about Africa. The Europeans wanted to go to war with each other in Europe? No. that would’ve interrupted concert of Europe, the whole system of diplomacy. So instead they made war in Africa.Need an international conference to establish rules for effective occupation. Need to have trading stations, have missionaries to work, bring in some form of administration, hire troops etc. ‘Causes’ TEST KIND OF QUESTIONGlobal Economic Integration- Raw materials—rubber; get it from a tree, slash tree and let latex drip. Aluminum, diamonds, gold, OIL. One of the big factors in WWI has to do with which navies used coaland which used oil. Germans used coal and British used oil. Coal takes up a lot of space and need to replenish whereas oil has more calories per gram.- Financial centers—London in particular moved to real center of global economic trade. Paris was secondary. New york was focused on domestic- Labor Movement—Policy of open immigration helped country enhance their industrial might. - Military Power- Science—harnessing of electricity. End of the 19th century, famous people like Edison. James Kurt Maxwell, Kelvin. Scientific advances went along with the revolution in thought that Darwin had sprung about.Colonial AdministrationAd—phrase says “White Man’s Burden” comes from famous poem by … Represented the attitude in Britain and France. Saying they have something superior to the rest of the world. Duty to carry out their burden, civilizing mission. Four main points raised here- ‘Men on the spot’ first—likely to be military types, perhaps sailors who had had enough and