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UIUC CMN 260 - Exam 3 Study Guide (1)

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CMN260 Exam 3 Study GuideHealth Images in the MediaUnderstand the different media theories discussed in class (cultivation theory, social cognitive theory, third-person effect, and entertainment-education) including their major predictions and concepts1. Cultivation theory: Socializing Influence - Exposure affects attitudes, beliefs, and judgements of realitya. Personal preferences, family influence, culture, social networksb. Mean girl syndrome: heavy viewers may think world is more violent*Media is most profound if: consistent images, heavy viewers, limited personal experience to evaluate what they see2. Social cognitive Theory: we model what we seea. Individuals learn by observing (i.e. bobo doll study) and modeling, vicarious learning. Has to do with self-efficacy, or the belief in one's ability to do something. Individuals are more likely to model behavior from those they identifywith.Third Person Effect: People believe they are less influenced by the media-women are influenced by weightloss but not me-Perception that one is less susceptible to the effects of media portrayal than others. Park et. Al found that both men and women overestimate the desired thinness of female body type preferred by others. Participants believed the norm of female thinness in media affected others but not themselves.Entertainment-Education Approach: Educational entertainment in educational material i.e.condoms in Friends episode- The intentional placement of educational content in entertainment messages. This is not a theory of communication but rather a strategy used to spread messages with the goal of positive behavioral and social change. Proven useful, i.e. Friends condom episode.Reasoned Action Approach: Theory or reasoned action and theory of planned behaviorTRA: Cognitive and Affective (Attitudes) and injunctive and descriptive (perceived norms) lead to intention and behaviorTBP: added in perceived behavioral controlWhat did Chory-Assad & Tamborini (2003) find?- How media habits influence individuals perceptions of physicians- Found: What did Collins et al. (2003) find?- Surveyed a national sample of 506 adolescents (12-17) who were regular viewers of Friends. Results showed that 27% of viewers of friends had seen this episode. 65% of those viewers recalled the health information six months later. 10% of viewers discussed condom efficacy as a result of the show with an adult without prompting.Understand what direct-to-consumer advertising is (Hint: see book)Brand name prescription drug advertising through mass media. Relatively new phenomenon (1977), only New Zealand and us allow this. Drugs are marketed to doctors, who make recommendations to patients as necessary.Good: Informs people of options, active competition inspires innovationBad: expensive, misconceptions, safety, creates a preoccupation with health, racial/ethnic disparitiesFDA Fair Balance Guideline: Mandates that prescription advertisements must present potentially harmful side effects if they promote potential benefits. In magazines they are a long list at the bottom or the back of a page. Some companies avoid this by not claiming benefits but instead prompting you to talk to doctor about it.What are some of the things we know about sexual portrayals in the media?- Bad: Depictions and implications of sex have doubled since 1997/1998. Not many depictions of safer sex. Still seen as humiliating or humorous, boys shown as sexually ravenous, girls shown as responsible for sexual protection. Viewing large amounts of sex may lead to adolescents having sex younger (some evidence to support this).- Good: There are more portrayals of same-sex couples having sex on primetime, which was virtually non-existent in past decades. There is a decrease in the amount of teen sex portrayed and there are slightly fewer acts of sexual aggression.How is organ donation covered both by the news and by entertainment media?News: Majority is positive. Quick et al. (2009) found that the majority of TV news stories focused on the health outcomes of organ donors and recipients. However, only 10% of news stories included info on how to become a donor. Feeley & Vincent (2007) found that there were almost four times as many positive newspaper stores on organ donation compared to negative stories.Media: Morgan et al. (2007) ran a content analysis of entertainment shows on ABC, NBC, CBS, and FOX in 2004-2005. Results showed the moral corruption of the medical system, such as undeserving or ungrateful recipients, rich people can buy organs, and that donors are simply a source of spare parts. Competing results also showed that organ donors are good people.-What did Quick et al. (2009) find? Quick et al. (2009) found that the majority of TV news stories focused on the health outcomes of organ donors and recipients. However, only 10% of news stories included info on how to become a donor.What does the concept of sensationalism mean? Unique cases, dramatic representations, and sensational words/titles.What is the difference between the nature of news and the nature of science?News - To be unique and recent, capture attention, and to make money.Science - To be meticulous and cautious, replication, and weigh evidence over long periods of time.What do we know about reporters’ training on reading, interpreting, and reporting scientific findings?Many reporters are not trained.Health CampaignsWhat did Feeley et al. (2014) find?- Went to DMVs to see who was registered as donors and who was not- To tailor messages: Know why people do and don’t – need to know both sides!Understand the different behavioral change theories discussed in class (health belief model, reasoned action approach, and the extended parallel process model) including their major predictions and conceptsBe able to identify the theoretical concepts discussed in class based on their definitionBe able to identify the theoretical concepts discussed in class from their use in an example health messageBe able to apply the behavioral change theories discussed in class to create a persuasive message Health Belief Model:- Severity: How bad are the consequences- Susceptibility: How likely am I to face the consequences?- Benefits: What are the benefits to doing the recommended response?- Barriers: What are the reasons why I might not to the recommended response?- Self-Efficacy: Do I have the ability?- Cues of Action: What will get me to act?Theory of Planned Behavior: - Behavioral Intention: Likelihood of


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UIUC CMN 260 - Exam 3 Study Guide (1)

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